To the Editor : Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) Stage C hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with vascular invasion has been considered unresectable. However, the curative rate from systemic treatment is rather dismal. E...To the Editor : Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) Stage C hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with vascular invasion has been considered unresectable. However, the curative rate from systemic treatment is rather dismal. Even with the use of immunotherapy, complete remission is less than 10% [ 1 ]. On the contrary, recent advances in transplant oncology, especially in the application of liver transplant-related surgical techniques in complex liver resections, make the operation possible for patients with locally advanced HCC who were previously considered to be unresectable [ 2 ]. We hereby present the surgical management of a patient with giant HCC in right liver lobe with inferior vena cava(IVC) invasion.展开更多
An insufficient future liver remnant(FLR)is associated with post-hepatectomy liver failure.Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for stage hepatectomy(ALPPS)has been shown to be effective for the induct...An insufficient future liver remnant(FLR)is associated with post-hepatectomy liver failure.Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for stage hepatectomy(ALPPS)has been shown to be effective for the induction of rapid FLR hypertrophy so as to improve the resectability in patients with insufficient FLR.We hereby report our experience of this novel approach for a 6-year-old patient with hepatoblastoma.Computed tomography showed a hepatoblastoma measuring12.5 cm×9.9 cm×11.7 cm in the right liver(Couinaud segmentⅣ,ⅤandⅧ).Volumetric assessment of the FLR i.e.,left lateral section was 112.6 mL i.e.,21.2%of the estimated total liver volume.In view of the small-for-size FLR,ALPPS was contemplated.An anterior approach was adopted for the in-situ parenchymal split without mobilisation of the right liver.FLR volumetry on the seventh postoperative day was 160.7 mL,which represented a 46.1%gain in volume,and a FLR/ESLV ratio of 30.2%.A right trisectionectomy was performed on the eighth postoperative day.Postoperative recovery was uneventful.Patient was discharged on day 16 after the first operation.To our knowledge,this was the first report that showed the applicability of ALPPS to a paediatric patient.展开更多
To the Editor： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） remains one of the commonest cancers worldwide especially in hepatitis B endemic regions. Its aggressive behavior is characterised by the natural history of increasing ...To the Editor： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） remains one of the commonest cancers worldwide especially in hepatitis B endemic regions. Its aggressive behavior is characterised by the natural history of increasing size, a tendency for vascular invasion into the hepatic veins and portal veins. Further growth into the inferior vena cava （IVC） and right atrium （RA） is an infrequent finding but signifies a pre-terminal event with a dismal prognosis.展开更多
The house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, Derf) are the major source of aeroaller gens implicated in the expression of atopic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. In particular, ...The house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, Derf) are the major source of aeroaller gens implicated in the expression of atopic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. In particular, strong circumstantial evidence suggests that house dust mite antigens are important precipitating factors of asthma. Many house dust mite allergens are proteases that can elicit airway inflammation by stimulating the release of cytokines from bronchial epithelial cells. To investigate whether Der f allergen proteases induced cytokine production from the epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, BEAS-2B cells were cultured with 4 different concentrations of Derf (0.02, 0.2, 2, 20μg/ml) for 24-96 h, after which supernatants were assayed for interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with ELISA. Reverse transcription-PCR was also performed. The cell sheets were intact throughout the observation in control group without any exposure to Der f antigen. In the experimental groups cells treated with Der f allergen showed changes in the anchorage status of the monolayer. There was a significant increase in the level of cytokine production compared with the untreated sample. The release of IL-6 and IL-8 increased in a concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05, respectively) with the addition of increasing dosage of Der f to the cell sheets. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 began to rise at 24 h and 48 h after allergen exposure, and they increased significantly in the supematants at 72 h and 96 h. At the same time the concentration dependence of induction of IL-6 and IL-8 expression as well as an increase in the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA manifested evidently. HDM-induced airway inflammation may include Der f-mediated release of inflammatory mediators, and the proteolytic activity of an allergen may stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human bronchial epithelium. It is suggested that IL-6 and IL-8 production by bronchial epithelial cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.展开更多
Objective To study the role of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 expression by Th2 cytokine and analyze their relationship in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line-BEAS-2B cell. Methods Levels of eotaxin mRNA and protein ex...Objective To study the role of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 expression by Th2 cytokine and analyze their relationship in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line-BEAS-2B cell. Methods Levels of eotaxin mRNA and protein expression in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cell were determined with RT-PCR and ELISA. We also used RT-PCR to evaluate eotaxin-2 expression under the regulation of Th2 cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 as well as proinflammatory agent-TNFα. Results Eotaxin mRNA expression was the highest at the time point of 12h under the stimulation of TNF-α. While Th2 cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 had the amplification effect on the expression. Eotaxin protein was also elevated with the combination stimulation of proinflammatory agent TNF-α and IL-4 in dose and time dependent manner（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. These results were also seen when the cells were stimulated by TNF-α and 1L- 13. Eotaxin-2 mRNA expression was the highest at the time point of 8h. The expression evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR also elevated under the co-stimulation of TNF-α and IL-4 or TNF-α and IL-13 and it should significantly correlate with Eotaxin （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion This study demonstrated that Th2 cytokine like IL-4 and IL-13 enhances eotaxin and eotaxin-2 expression when co-stimulated with proinflammatory agent TNF-α. These results showed that Th2 cytokines existence is the strong evidence for bronchial epithelial cells taking part in the allergic inflammation especially in eosinophils recruitment.展开更多
文摘To the Editor : Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) Stage C hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with vascular invasion has been considered unresectable. However, the curative rate from systemic treatment is rather dismal. Even with the use of immunotherapy, complete remission is less than 10% [ 1 ]. On the contrary, recent advances in transplant oncology, especially in the application of liver transplant-related surgical techniques in complex liver resections, make the operation possible for patients with locally advanced HCC who were previously considered to be unresectable [ 2 ]. We hereby present the surgical management of a patient with giant HCC in right liver lobe with inferior vena cava(IVC) invasion.
文摘An insufficient future liver remnant(FLR)is associated with post-hepatectomy liver failure.Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for stage hepatectomy(ALPPS)has been shown to be effective for the induction of rapid FLR hypertrophy so as to improve the resectability in patients with insufficient FLR.We hereby report our experience of this novel approach for a 6-year-old patient with hepatoblastoma.Computed tomography showed a hepatoblastoma measuring12.5 cm×9.9 cm×11.7 cm in the right liver(Couinaud segmentⅣ,ⅤandⅧ).Volumetric assessment of the FLR i.e.,left lateral section was 112.6 mL i.e.,21.2%of the estimated total liver volume.In view of the small-for-size FLR,ALPPS was contemplated.An anterior approach was adopted for the in-situ parenchymal split without mobilisation of the right liver.FLR volumetry on the seventh postoperative day was 160.7 mL,which represented a 46.1%gain in volume,and a FLR/ESLV ratio of 30.2%.A right trisectionectomy was performed on the eighth postoperative day.Postoperative recovery was uneventful.Patient was discharged on day 16 after the first operation.To our knowledge,this was the first report that showed the applicability of ALPPS to a paediatric patient.
文摘To the Editor： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） remains one of the commonest cancers worldwide especially in hepatitis B endemic regions. Its aggressive behavior is characterised by the natural history of increasing size, a tendency for vascular invasion into the hepatic veins and portal veins. Further growth into the inferior vena cava （IVC） and right atrium （RA） is an infrequent finding but signifies a pre-terminal event with a dismal prognosis.
文摘The house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, Derf) are the major source of aeroaller gens implicated in the expression of atopic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. In particular, strong circumstantial evidence suggests that house dust mite antigens are important precipitating factors of asthma. Many house dust mite allergens are proteases that can elicit airway inflammation by stimulating the release of cytokines from bronchial epithelial cells. To investigate whether Der f allergen proteases induced cytokine production from the epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, BEAS-2B cells were cultured with 4 different concentrations of Derf (0.02, 0.2, 2, 20μg/ml) for 24-96 h, after which supernatants were assayed for interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with ELISA. Reverse transcription-PCR was also performed. The cell sheets were intact throughout the observation in control group without any exposure to Der f antigen. In the experimental groups cells treated with Der f allergen showed changes in the anchorage status of the monolayer. There was a significant increase in the level of cytokine production compared with the untreated sample. The release of IL-6 and IL-8 increased in a concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05, respectively) with the addition of increasing dosage of Der f to the cell sheets. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 began to rise at 24 h and 48 h after allergen exposure, and they increased significantly in the supematants at 72 h and 96 h. At the same time the concentration dependence of induction of IL-6 and IL-8 expression as well as an increase in the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA manifested evidently. HDM-induced airway inflammation may include Der f-mediated release of inflammatory mediators, and the proteolytic activity of an allergen may stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human bronchial epithelium. It is suggested that IL-6 and IL-8 production by bronchial epithelial cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
文摘Objective To study the role of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 expression by Th2 cytokine and analyze their relationship in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line-BEAS-2B cell. Methods Levels of eotaxin mRNA and protein expression in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cell were determined with RT-PCR and ELISA. We also used RT-PCR to evaluate eotaxin-2 expression under the regulation of Th2 cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 as well as proinflammatory agent-TNFα. Results Eotaxin mRNA expression was the highest at the time point of 12h under the stimulation of TNF-α. While Th2 cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 had the amplification effect on the expression. Eotaxin protein was also elevated with the combination stimulation of proinflammatory agent TNF-α and IL-4 in dose and time dependent manner（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. These results were also seen when the cells were stimulated by TNF-α and 1L- 13. Eotaxin-2 mRNA expression was the highest at the time point of 8h. The expression evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR also elevated under the co-stimulation of TNF-α and IL-4 or TNF-α and IL-13 and it should significantly correlate with Eotaxin （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion This study demonstrated that Th2 cytokine like IL-4 and IL-13 enhances eotaxin and eotaxin-2 expression when co-stimulated with proinflammatory agent TNF-α. These results showed that Th2 cytokines existence is the strong evidence for bronchial epithelial cells taking part in the allergic inflammation especially in eosinophils recruitment.
