Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective and progressive degeneration, as well as loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In PD, approximately 60-70% of nigr...Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective and progressive degeneration, as well as loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In PD, approximately 60-70% of nigrostriatal neurons are degenerated and 80% of content of the striatal dopamine is reduced before the diagnosis can be established according to widely accepted clinical diagnostic criteria. This condition describes a stage of disease called ＂prodromal＂, where non-motor symptoms, such as olfactory dysfunction, constipation, rapid eye movement behaviour disorder, depression, precede motor sign of PD. Detection of prodromal phase of PD is becoming an important goal for determining the prognosis and choosing a suitable treatment strategy. In this review, we present some non-invasive instrumental approaches that could be useful to identify patients in the prodromal phase of PD or in an early clinical phase, when the first motor symptoms begin to be apparent. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and advanced MRI techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI, are useful to differentiate early PD with initial motor symptoms from atypical parkinsonian disorders, thus, making easier early diagnosis. Functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging techniques can show abnormalities in the olfactory system in prodromal PD.展开更多
Previous studies have demonstrated that advanced Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）patients have deficiency of eye movements.However,there have been no reports on eye movement in the early stages of AD.The aim of this study w...Previous studies have demonstrated that advanced Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）patients have deficiency of eye movements.However,there have been no reports on eye movement in the early stages of AD.The aim of this study was to evaluate pursuit ocular movements（POM）provided by a vision-based non-intrusive eye tracker in patients with early AD.POM values were significantly lower in AD patients than in normal controls（P 〈 0.01）.In AD patients,POM values were not closely correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores（P = 0.3）.There was no significant difference in POM values among patients treated with or without anticholinesterase therapy.We used a vision-based method,for non-intrusive eye tracking,which can be proposed as a possible tool for supporting the diagnosis of early AD.展开更多
文摘Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective and progressive degeneration, as well as loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In PD, approximately 60-70% of nigrostriatal neurons are degenerated and 80% of content of the striatal dopamine is reduced before the diagnosis can be established according to widely accepted clinical diagnostic criteria. This condition describes a stage of disease called ＂prodromal＂, where non-motor symptoms, such as olfactory dysfunction, constipation, rapid eye movement behaviour disorder, depression, precede motor sign of PD. Detection of prodromal phase of PD is becoming an important goal for determining the prognosis and choosing a suitable treatment strategy. In this review, we present some non-invasive instrumental approaches that could be useful to identify patients in the prodromal phase of PD or in an early clinical phase, when the first motor symptoms begin to be apparent. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and advanced MRI techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI, are useful to differentiate early PD with initial motor symptoms from atypical parkinsonian disorders, thus, making easier early diagnosis. Functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging techniques can show abnormalities in the olfactory system in prodromal PD.
文摘Previous studies have demonstrated that advanced Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）patients have deficiency of eye movements.However,there have been no reports on eye movement in the early stages of AD.The aim of this study was to evaluate pursuit ocular movements（POM）provided by a vision-based non-intrusive eye tracker in patients with early AD.POM values were significantly lower in AD patients than in normal controls（P 〈 0.01）.In AD patients,POM values were not closely correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores（P = 0.3）.There was no significant difference in POM values among patients treated with or without anticholinesterase therapy.We used a vision-based method,for non-intrusive eye tracking,which can be proposed as a possible tool for supporting the diagnosis of early AD.
