In this paper, the online weather research and forecasting and chemistry （WRF-Chem） model is used to explore the impacts of urban expansion on regional weather conditions and its implication on surface ozone concent...In this paper, the online weather research and forecasting and chemistry （WRF-Chem） model is used to explore the impacts of urban expansion on regional weather conditions and its implication on surface ozone concentrations over the Pearl River Delta（PRD） and Yangtze River Delta（YRD） regions. Two scenarios of urban maps are used in the WRF-Chem to represent the early 1990s （pre-urbanization） and the current urban distribution in the PRD and the YRD. Month-long simulation results using the above land-use scenarios for March 2001 show that urbanization increases both the day- and night-time 2-m temperatures by about 0.6℃and 1.4℃, respectively. Daytime reduction in the wind speed by about 3.0 m s-1 is larger than that for the nighttime （0.5 to 2 m s-1）. The daytime increase in the PBL height （〉 200 m） is also larger than the nighttime （50-100 m）. The meteorological conditions modified by urbanization lead to detectable ozone-concentration changes in the PRD and the YRD. Urbanization increases the nighttime surface-ozone concentrations by about 4.7%-8.5% and by about 2.9%-4.2% for the daytime. In addition to modifying individual meteorological variables, urbanization also enhances the convergence zones, especially in the PRD. More importantly, urbanization has different effects on the surface ozone for the PRD and the YRD, presumably due to their urbanization characteristics and geographical locations. Even though the PRD has a smaller increase in the surface temperature than the YRD, it has （a） weaker surface wind speed, （b） smaller increase in PBL heights, and （c） stronger convergence zones. The latter three factors outweighed the temperature increase and resulted in a larger ozone enhancement in the PRD than the YRD.展开更多
利用中巴卫星影像采用监督分类的方法对影像进行解译,并反演珠江三角洲4种主要的植被类型(PFT).利用自然排放气体和气溶胶模式——MEGAN(Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature),对典型夏季日珠江三角洲地区植被异戊二...利用中巴卫星影像采用监督分类的方法对影像进行解译,并反演珠江三角洲4种主要的植被类型(PFT).利用自然排放气体和气溶胶模式——MEGAN(Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature),对典型夏季日珠江三角洲地区植被异戊二烯的排放进行了初步研究.结果显示:估算日珠江三角洲植被异戊二烯总的排放量为1.73×106kg(以C计,下同).异戊二烯的排放有明显的日变化特征,最大排放量出现在14:00,为2.39×105kg.广州、江门和惠州的异戊二烯平均排放速率最大,分别为4580g·km-·2h-1、4250g·km-·2h-1和4130g·km-·2h-1;同时江门和惠州也为异戊二烯日排放量的高值区,其日排放总量分别为4.60×105kg和4.29×105kg,排放贡献率分别为26.6%和24.8%.展开更多
This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound（BVOC） emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region, one of the most developed regions in China. ...This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound（BVOC） emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region, one of the most developed regions in China. The developed history of BVOC emission models is presented briefly and three typical emission models are introduced and compared. The results from local studies related to BVOC emissions have been summarized. Based on this analysis, it is recommended that local researchers conduct BVOC emission studies systematically, from the assessment of model inputs, to compiling regional emission inventories to quantifying the uncertainties and evaluating the model results. Beyond that,more basic researches should be conducted in the future to close the gaps in knowledge on BVOC emission mechanisms, to develop the emission models and to refine the inventory results. This paper can provide a perspective on these aspects in the broad field of research associated with BVOC emissions in the PRD region.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40875076, U0833001, and40645024)the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) FY07 Director Opportunity Fund+2 种基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP 07306)the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences(LAPC-KF-2006-12)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry of China
文摘In this paper, the online weather research and forecasting and chemistry （WRF-Chem） model is used to explore the impacts of urban expansion on regional weather conditions and its implication on surface ozone concentrations over the Pearl River Delta（PRD） and Yangtze River Delta（YRD） regions. Two scenarios of urban maps are used in the WRF-Chem to represent the early 1990s （pre-urbanization） and the current urban distribution in the PRD and the YRD. Month-long simulation results using the above land-use scenarios for March 2001 show that urbanization increases both the day- and night-time 2-m temperatures by about 0.6℃and 1.4℃, respectively. Daytime reduction in the wind speed by about 3.0 m s-1 is larger than that for the nighttime （0.5 to 2 m s-1）. The daytime increase in the PBL height （〉 200 m） is also larger than the nighttime （50-100 m）. The meteorological conditions modified by urbanization lead to detectable ozone-concentration changes in the PRD and the YRD. Urbanization increases the nighttime surface-ozone concentrations by about 4.7%-8.5% and by about 2.9%-4.2% for the daytime. In addition to modifying individual meteorological variables, urbanization also enhances the convergence zones, especially in the PRD. More importantly, urbanization has different effects on the surface ozone for the PRD and the YRD, presumably due to their urbanization characteristics and geographical locations. Even though the PRD has a smaller increase in the surface temperature than the YRD, it has （a） weaker surface wind speed, （b） smaller increase in PBL heights, and （c） stronger convergence zones. The latter three factors outweighed the temperature increase and resulted in a larger ozone enhancement in the PRD than the YRD.
文摘利用中巴卫星影像采用监督分类的方法对影像进行解译,并反演珠江三角洲4种主要的植被类型(PFT).利用自然排放气体和气溶胶模式——MEGAN(Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature),对典型夏季日珠江三角洲地区植被异戊二烯的排放进行了初步研究.结果显示:估算日珠江三角洲植被异戊二烯总的排放量为1.73×106kg(以C计,下同).异戊二烯的排放有明显的日变化特征,最大排放量出现在14:00,为2.39×105kg.广州、江门和惠州的异戊二烯平均排放速率最大,分别为4580g·km-·2h-1、4250g·km-·2h-1和4130g·km-·2h-1;同时江门和惠州也为异戊二烯日排放量的高值区,其日排放总量分别为4.60×105kg和4.29×105kg,排放贡献率分别为26.6%和24.8%.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars(No.41425020)the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest(No.GYHY201406031)and the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(No.2014BAC21B02)
文摘This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound（BVOC） emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region, one of the most developed regions in China. The developed history of BVOC emission models is presented briefly and three typical emission models are introduced and compared. The results from local studies related to BVOC emissions have been summarized. Based on this analysis, it is recommended that local researchers conduct BVOC emission studies systematically, from the assessment of model inputs, to compiling regional emission inventories to quantifying the uncertainties and evaluating the model results. Beyond that,more basic researches should be conducted in the future to close the gaps in knowledge on BVOC emission mechanisms, to develop the emission models and to refine the inventory results. This paper can provide a perspective on these aspects in the broad field of research associated with BVOC emissions in the PRD region.
