Accounting for the solar radiation in thermal regime prediction for railway subgrade in cold regions

This paper presents a comparative analysis of simulation processes of seasonal freezing-thawing of railway subgrade and permafrost degradation, with and without accounting for solar radiation. Also, the effect of sun screens to reduce the degradation of subgrade permafrost under different climatic conditions is numerically substantiated. And finally, the temperature criterion of the origination of permafrost is illustrated.

Dangerous deformations of subgrade and methods of their calculation

The main reasons for a breach of trouble-free operation of the subgrade are the different kinds of deformation, such as Wain load impact on subgrade surface, loss of stability to subgrade slope, weight of embankment on the base, and partial or complete failure of the railway track due to frost heaving. This paper gives a summary of deformation analysis methods being developed in Russia to estimate the operaling con- ditions of the railway subgrade.

新兴市场的机会

未来几十年里,以下四种趋势将影响世界格局:能源成本差异、高企的中国薪资水平、近岸供应链及远程工作。对于拥有适合的自然资源和制度的新兴市场国家来说,这意味着一个收入阶梯加速爬升的机会。潜在的受益者包括阿根廷、哥伦比亚、墨西哥以及马来西亚和菲律宾。为什么是这些国家?因为它们同时具备成功要素中的大部分,即能获得廉价能源、劳动力充沛、与全球大部分经济体之间可开展自由贸易,且对人才有吸引力。

美国白宫易主 对新兴市场货市影响不一

特朗普胜选后,主要新兴市场货币跌幅高达5%,但有一些货币具备较强韧性。自特朗普在11月5日美国大选中获胜以来,主要新兴市场货币跌幅高达5%。但相比其他货币,美元升带来的冲击对某些货币的影响要更大。造成这一差异的因素有三个:对美国贸易和移民政策变化的敏感度、本国货币政策以及每个经济体的地缘经济定位。