Three Conditions Leading to a Unified (Quasi-Newtonian) Physics

It is shown that the total escape speed u (i.e. from all the masses in space), which depends on the total gravitational potential U through the relation u = (−2U)1/2, tends to c;then, under the 1st condition c = u, and assuming (as a 2nd condition) the light as composed of longitudinally-extended, elastic (i.e. variable length) and massive particles, (photons), emitted at speed u referred to the initial location (O) of their source, we show that c referred to O becomes invariant despite any motion of its source from O. We revised the Doppler effect for the light, the gravitational redshift cause, the time dilation, highlighting the differences with respect to the Relativity. In the 2nd part, considering (3rd condition) the electron charge as a point-particle fixed to the electron surface and facing the atom nucleus during the electron orbit, the light-matter interaction becomes a consequence of the particular impacts between these photons and the circling electrons: e.g., on H atom, we found 137 circular orbits only, the last one being the ionization orbit, where the electron orbital speed becomes v i= c/1372. [Classical physics, under the assumption that a circling electron should produce (like a macroscopic electric circuit), an electro-magnetic radiation, implies that this claimed effect has to cause the electron fall into its nucleus: on Section 2.5, we show that the e.m. radiation of a circling electron only happens between two circular orbits].

The Light as Composed of Longitudinal-Extended Elastic Particles Obeying to the Laws of Newtonian Mechanics

It is shown that the speed of longitudinal-extended elastic particles, emitted during an emission time T by a source S at speed u (escape speed toward the infinity due to all the masses in space), is invariant for any Observer, under the Newtonian mechanics laws. It is also shown that a cosmological reason implies the light as composed of such particles moving at speed u (function of the total gravitational potential). Compliance of c with Newtonian mechanics is shown for Doppler effect, Harvard tower experiment, gravitational red shift and time dilation, highlighting, for each of these subjects, the differences versus the relativity.

A Feasible Experiment Contrary to the 2^ndPostulate of SR

Assuming the light as composed of longitudinal-extended elastic (and massive) particles emitted during an emission time T at speed c (=u) (with u the escape speed from all the masses, toward the infinity), it is shown that c is invariant (under the Newtonian mechanics laws), for an Observer fixed to the initial emission point Ep (the point where the emission starts), in spite of any motion of the source (of light) with respect to Ep. On the contrary, an Observer, in motion from Ep during the emission, will state (indirectly) a Galilean variation of c which can be proved and evaluated by an appropriate feasible experiment described here.

Evidences for a Unified Physics, in Full Accordance with the Newtonian Laws

We show that the speed of a longitudinal-extended, elastic (variable length), and massive particle, emitted by a source during an emission time T, at speed u (escape speed from all the masses in space), is invariant for every real measurement, (intending a measurement requiring an interaction light-matter), in spite of any reciprocal motion source-Observer. Thus we may argue that the light has to be composed of such particles (photons) moving at speed c = u. Compliance of these photons with Newtonian mechanics is shown for many effects, (like the Doppler effect, redshift, time dilation, etc.), highlighting the differences versus the Relativity. In the 2nd part, on the assumption that the electron charge can be considered as a point-particle fixed to the electron surface, always facing the atom nucleus during the electron revolution, we revised the light-matter interaction, showing that it only depends on the particular impacts between these photons and the circling electrons: for instance, on H atom, we found 137 circular orbits only, the last one being the ionization orbit, where the electron orbital speed becomes vi= c/1372. [Classical mechanics implies that orbiting electrons produce an electro-magnetic radiation causing their fall into the nucleus: on Section 3.5, the reason why the electron circular orbits are stable].