In the case of comparison between samples with unequal replications [n1 # n2 # n3 # ... # nk], the statistician should use LSD (Least Significant Difference) many times to achieve these comparisons, this method consum...In the case of comparison between samples with unequal replications [n1 # n2 # n3 # ... # nk], the statistician should use LSD (Least Significant Difference) many times to achieve these comparisons, this method consumes more time and effort. The purpose of this research is to find out a new method to do easy and reliable comparison between population means when the experiment or data involving different numbers of replications. In order to do this, a new formula was designed;the aim of this new formula is to develop the multiple comparisons into one step instead of doing it with many steps that consume more effort and time. In this work, the researcher used the mean of the replication number in the LDS formula instead of doing the calculation many times for each two means. The results of this study found that the new formula give similar results for multiple comparisons with minimal effort. It was concluded that the new formula (named Al-fahham’s Formula) achieves the same results with less time and efforts. It was recommended that Al-fahham’s Formula can be approved in the statistical textbooks and procedures.展开更多
Background: The study of ASA etiology is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Studies of presence of antisperm antibodies in the bodies of unmarried women are very rare, so that this article a...Background: The study of ASA etiology is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Studies of presence of antisperm antibodies in the bodies of unmarried women are very rare, so that this article aims at studying the possible causes and interpretations behind the development of antisperm antibodies in virgins. Methodology: The study included 5 single women with positive ASA. Description and clinical history of the patients was assessed by special questionnaire provided for this purpose. All laboratory investigations and diagnostic procedures were done in the hospital from 1st August to 15th December 2017. Results: The mean serum antisperm antibody concentrations (64.3 IU/ml) which is considered positive titer. The incidence of ASA among virgins is 2.22%. Complete blood count is normal except for slight increase in WBC count and percentage of basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. This study recorded high concentrations of serum total IgG and IgM levels (1875 IU/ml and 295 IU/ml respectively). The UTI was confirmed by counting total bacterial concentration (178,250 CFU/ml) in the urine, and diagnosis of suspected causes showed the following species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis. Conclusions: There are two suggested mechanisms to explain ASA in virgins: 1) antigen cross-reactivity between sperm and bacterial antigens to which antibodies can react;2) induction of the immune system by antigens of sperm ingested into the gastrointestinal tract with contaminated food and drink. Recommendations: it is recommended to conduct a research study that include a large number of virgins for investigating ASA to confirm our results and build a scientific generalizations , in addition to animal studies for testing the role of sperm ingestion in the induction of immune system.展开更多
文摘In the case of comparison between samples with unequal replications [n1 # n2 # n3 # ... # nk], the statistician should use LSD (Least Significant Difference) many times to achieve these comparisons, this method consumes more time and effort. The purpose of this research is to find out a new method to do easy and reliable comparison between population means when the experiment or data involving different numbers of replications. In order to do this, a new formula was designed;the aim of this new formula is to develop the multiple comparisons into one step instead of doing it with many steps that consume more effort and time. In this work, the researcher used the mean of the replication number in the LDS formula instead of doing the calculation many times for each two means. The results of this study found that the new formula give similar results for multiple comparisons with minimal effort. It was concluded that the new formula (named Al-fahham’s Formula) achieves the same results with less time and efforts. It was recommended that Al-fahham’s Formula can be approved in the statistical textbooks and procedures.
文摘Background: The study of ASA etiology is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Studies of presence of antisperm antibodies in the bodies of unmarried women are very rare, so that this article aims at studying the possible causes and interpretations behind the development of antisperm antibodies in virgins. Methodology: The study included 5 single women with positive ASA. Description and clinical history of the patients was assessed by special questionnaire provided for this purpose. All laboratory investigations and diagnostic procedures were done in the hospital from 1st August to 15th December 2017. Results: The mean serum antisperm antibody concentrations (64.3 IU/ml) which is considered positive titer. The incidence of ASA among virgins is 2.22%. Complete blood count is normal except for slight increase in WBC count and percentage of basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. This study recorded high concentrations of serum total IgG and IgM levels (1875 IU/ml and 295 IU/ml respectively). The UTI was confirmed by counting total bacterial concentration (178,250 CFU/ml) in the urine, and diagnosis of suspected causes showed the following species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis. Conclusions: There are two suggested mechanisms to explain ASA in virgins: 1) antigen cross-reactivity between sperm and bacterial antigens to which antibodies can react;2) induction of the immune system by antigens of sperm ingested into the gastrointestinal tract with contaminated food and drink. Recommendations: it is recommended to conduct a research study that include a large number of virgins for investigating ASA to confirm our results and build a scientific generalizations , in addition to animal studies for testing the role of sperm ingestion in the induction of immune system.
