Low Birth Weight at Term: Risk Factors and Perinatal Prognosis in the Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo, Burkina Faso

Objective: The objective of our study was to study the risk factors of low birth weight at term in the Teaching Hospital Yalgado (CHU-YO) Ouédraogo. Patients and Methods: This dealt with a comparative and analytical control case study. The group of cases was made up of female patients who gave birth to newborns with low birth weight at term and that of control cases included female patients who delivered a normal-weighted newborn at term. Results: The frequency of low birth weight at term was therefore estimated at 4.4%. The average age of the parturients was 25 ± 6.36 years. Female patients living in a marital setting accounted for 93.1% of cases and 64.4% of them had no income-generating activities. A maternal underweight, a height below 155 cm, passive smoking, and malaria during pregnancy have been identified as the factors associated with a low birth weight. Conclusion: Quality prenatal care could reduce the incidence of low birth weight at term.

Trauma in Pregnancy at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso:Epidemiological,Clinical,Therapeutic and Prognostic Aspect

Objective: To study the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of trauma in pregnancy at the Yalgado Ouedraogo teaching hospital in Ouagadougou. Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was done over a period of three years from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2012. We included in our sample, all pregnant women admitted for trauma in pregnancy and eligible in three clinics: obstetrics/gynecology, orthopedics, general and visceral surgery. Anonymity and confidentiality of collected data were respected. Results: We recorded 224 emergency consultations for trauma in pregnancy out of 26,735 obstetric and gynecological consultations which gave a frequency of 0.8%. The mean age of our patients was 25.9 ± 5 years and mean parity was 1. Housewives accounted for 50% of patients and referrals were the mode of admission in 74.6% of cases. The causes of injury were dominated by road traffic accidents in 82.6% of cases, falls in 9.8% and assault in 7.6%. The mean gestational age of onset of trauma was 26.3 ± 7 weeks amenorrhea. The management was multidisciplinary with a medical component in 99.1% of cases, obstetric component in 13% of cases, a visceral surgery component in 6.7% of cases and an orthopedic component in 4.2% case. Multiple traumas were found in 4 patients. The fetal prognosis showed in the 1st trimester 3 cases of abortion in the 2nd trimester 5 cases of intrauterine fetal death and in the 3rd trimester 10 cases of preterm labor. Conclusion: Traumas during pregnancy are beyond emergencies within multiple causes and requiring a multidisciplinary management. Seen the limited means of support, establishment of a national strategy to prevent trauma in pregnancy will improve the prognosis for mother and child.

Chemotherapy Induced Amenorrhea in Women Treated with Chemotherapy for Breast Carcinoma in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Background: We conducted this study to identify factors associated with the onset and reversibility of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. Methods: A historical cohort study was performed and covered the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 July 2015. No menopausal patients managed for a histologically confirmed breast carcinoma and having benefited from chemotherapy were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea as well as its reversibility. Results: Seventy patients were included. The mean age was 38.5 years. Thirteen patients were obese and 19 (40.4%) had their menarche after age of 15 years. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 31 patients while 12 had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sequential chemotherapy with an anthracycline and a taxanetherapeutic protocol was the most used. Forty-seven patients had a chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The risk of having a chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea increases by 25% for each additional year of age at diagnosis of cancer (p = 0.0001). Obesity and menarche after age 15 were found to be protective factors. After adjusting these variables together, age, obesity, and age at menarche were factors independently associated with the occurrence of the chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The reversibility was effective in 11 cases (37.9%) and especially concerned patients younger than 40 years (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Age is the primary risk factor. Reliable markers of ovarian function need to be developed to better select fertility conservation protocols.

Anemia in Parturients within the Mother-Child Department of Tengandogo Teaching Hospital, Burkina Faso

Objective: Study the epidemiological, clinical, para-clinical and therapeutic aspects as well as the maternal and perinatal prognosis of anemia in parturients. Background: Anemia is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. It mainly affects pregnant women. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collected from January 1st to September 30th, 2021. The study population included all parturients received within the department. Results: We included 378 parturients. We included in our study, all the parturients who underwent blood count upon admission and who had a hemoglobin rate below 11 g/dl. The frequency of anemia was 35.9%. The average age of anemic parturients was 27 ± 6.3 years. Compliance with anemia preventive treatment was good in 63% of cases. Out of the 378 anemic parturients, 55.8% were delivered by cesarean section. At delivery, 21 stillbirths were recorded. The mean hemoglobin level on admission was 9.27 g/dl ± 1.6. Normochromic microcytic anemia was present in 50.7% of cases. We recorded 1 case of maternal death (0.2%). The perinatal mortality rate was 7.4%. Conclusion: Despite the government’s efforts, anemia in pregnant women remains a public health problem in our country. This reality calls on decision-makers to lay emphasis on measures to prevent anemia in pregnant women.

Integration of Post Abortion Care Package in the Activity of 56 Health Facilities by the Burkina Faso Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (SOGOB)

Introduction: This article is an analysis of post-abortion care in 56 health facilities after their capacity building by the Burkina Faso Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (SOGOB). Patients and Methods: In 2012, with funds from Safe Abortion Action Fund, the SOGOB trained care providers and equipped 56 health facilities for post abortion care. Statistical data on the management of incomplete abortions after the capacity building were analyzed. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: There were 6316 cases of abortion that have been managed in 56 health facilities. The evacuation of the uterine contents for incomplete abortion has been provided to 6167 patients. Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and misoprostol were used respectively in 69.4% and 26.9% of cases to evacuate uterine content. Post-treatment complications were 1.8% for MVA and 0.9% for misoprostol (p = 0.004). MVA’s complication rate in the health facilities of the 1st level of care (1.7%) was not different from the third level of care (1.2%) with p = 0.21. A modern method of contraception was provided after abortion to 65.7% of the patients. In addition to the post abortion care, 7.3% of the patients received other reproductive health services. The community was involved in the development process of post abortion care in the facilities of the first level of care. Conclusion: The support of health facilities by SOGOB has provided post abortion care to thousands of women with little complications. Given the good results, an extension to other health facilities is desirable.