基于质量源于设计理念研究不同地区余甘子的关键性状

目的探讨质量源于设计(QbD)工具在评估印度5个不同地区余甘子地理变异中的应用。方法在本实验中,采用简化四次模型的Box-Behnken设计,运行105次,结合使用Design Expert软件进行随机响应面映射。本研究使用了三种不同的浸提方法(索氏浸提、浸渍浸提和超声浸提)以及三种溶剂[蒸馏水、甲醇和水-甲醇混合物(50:50 v/v)]。采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定并分析余甘子的抗氧化活性、总黄酮含量(TFC)和总酚含量(TPC),以鉴定其主要成分。结果QbD叠加图显示余甘子的提取值不低于30%w/w,2,2-二苯基-1-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)不低于60%mcg/mL(微克每毫升),TFC不低于75 mg QE/g(毫克槲皮素当量每克干原料),TPC不低于80 mg GAE/g(毫克没食子酸当量每克干原料)。此外,(GC-MS)数据证实了余甘子的生物活性存在变异。结论本研究模型能较好的描述浸提值、DPPH、TFC和TPC的变化。QbD方法可能倾向于在浸提过程中优先考虑彻底性,最终提高浸提产品的质量。

HPTLC-MS: an advance approach in herbal drugs using fingerprint spectra and mass spectroscopy

High-performance thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPTLC-MS)is one of the most modern hyphenated analytical methods available today.HPTLC-MS has recently been used to perform extensive analytical work using advanced features and still more analyses are in progress using these advanced features.Herbal medicines contain a wide range of bioactives that require proper identification for the activity and quality control.Recently,herbal medicine identification and quality control have become increasingly popular using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of recent method developments in analysis,15 most significant herbal drug applications with their chromatographic conditions,pharmacological actions,and solvents used in the present paper.An extensive literature search was performed incorporating several databases,notably,Web of Knowledge,PubMed and Google Scholar,and other relevant published materials.In previous research,HPTLC and its hyphenation with MS allowed for quantification of analytes in complex matrixes at nanogram and picogram concentrations.Quantifying a wide variety of analytes using these techniques has been extremely accurate,selective,and sensitive.Throughout this review,the HPTLC-MS technique is discussed in relation to the quality control of herbal drugs.Hence,15 herbal drugs were identified based on their RF values and m/z ratio by mass spectrometry by HPTLC-MS for the first time.In this compilation,researchers can gain insights into HPTLC-MS techniques for resolving quality control issues with herbal drugs using their fingerprint spectra.Besides,the application of HPTLC-MS methods could to be sufficiently precise and reproducible for established conditions and after validation may be used for routine quality control of herbal drugs/formulations in herbal industries.

Update on the preclinical and clinical assessment of Withania somnifera: from ancient Rasayana to modern perspectives

The Rasayana plant Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)Dunal,also known as“Ashwagandha”,has been mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts,such as Charaka Samhita,Sushruta Samhita,and Nighantus.This Ayurvedic drug has been referred to as a tonic that renews the body,provides physical and mental vigor in weakened states,and promotes endurance and longevity.W.somnifera possesses notable biological activity in many ailments,such as diabetes,conjunctivitis,insomnia,senile dementia,Parkinson’s disease,nervous system disorders,rheumatism,and arthritis.These pharmacological activities are due to the presence of diverse active components and their derivatives.Some lead compounds are found to be effective against anxiety and other central nervous system disorders.W.somnifera has been proven to be effective and safe for a wide range of ailments from ancient to modern times.Its reported properties represent the traditional use of W.somnifera as indicated in the literature;furthermore,W.somnifera is one of the most important prescribed drugs in Ayurveda for its multimodal effects.This current review highlights the bioactive present and provides an overview of the toxicological and pharmacological studies on W.somnifera,including preclinical and clinical studies.From its earliest utilization to its current application,W.somnifera has been recognized to be effective at clinical levels for human health and welfare.Greater attention to the safety and efficacy of W.somnifera would provide more scientific evidence,promoting global acceptance of the Ayurvedic plant.

From evidence to implementation: Introducing neonatal simulation to a tertiary neonatal centre in the UK

Simulation training in medical education allows multidisciplinary teams to train in a realistic clinical environment. It helps reduce clinical errors and addresses patient safety issues. Multiple areas can be covered including procedural skills training, communication, teamwork and human factors training. We present a “model of simulation” in education, which is based onRoyalCollegeof Paediatrics and Child HealthUnited Kingdomgeneral paediatric curriculum. Simulation complements the existing neonatal education programme both for doctors and nurses. It has the long-term purpose of achieving higher standards in neonatal care through the training of staff in a structured, multidisciplinary environment. Its quality and impact are subject to feedback from the participants. This has helped in its evolution and development as a multidisciplinary programme.

Tanimoto Based Similarity Measure for Intrusion Detection System

In this paper we introduced Tanimoto based similarity measure for host-based intrusions using binary feature set for training and classification. The k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier has been utilized to classify a given process as either normal or attack. The experimentation is conducted on DARPA-1998 database for intrusion detection and compared with other existing techniques. The introduced similarity measure shows promising results by achieving less false positive rate at 100% detection rate.

Investigation physico-chemical characterization of jaggery from different sugarcane varieties

Objective:Jaggery is a natural sweetener prepared by hand in limited facilities from concentrated sugar cane juice.Jaggery is regarded as a therapeutic sugar in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of lung and throat diseases.Studies conducted in vivo revealed that a jaggery-based dietary supplement has positive health effects.The awareness among the general public regarding the functional food products has been catching up fast.Consumers are opting more for functional food products due to higher health consciousness.Higher the demand,higher the supply of new varieties of functional food.Thus giving scope to develop new products with highly nutritive value.Method:The goal of the current study was to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of jaggery made from the sugarcane varieties Co 86032,Co 419,and Co 62175.With varied traits including yield,sucrose content,disease resistance,and salt tolerance,these sugarcane varieties have dominated the peninsular India.The physical and chemical characteristics of jaggery prepared experimentally from three distinct sugarcane varieties(Co 86032,Co 419,and Co 62175)were determined in the study.Moisture,water activity(aw),ash,minerals,reducing sugars,sucrose,pH,colour,insoluble solids(IS),transmittance at 720 nm,and filterability were the variables that were assessed.Additionally,measurements of the flavonoid and total phenolic contents were performed.Water activity(aw),reducing sugars,pH,colour,moisture,and water activity(aw)were the variables with the most variability.Result:Sample Co 62175 had the highest observed total sugar,whereas sample Co 419 had the lowest.In accordance with the findings of the current experiment,sugarcane variety Co 62175 produced the best jaggery when compared to sugarcane variants Co 419 and Co 86032.Conclusion:There is higher potential to develop functional food which can enhance the qualitative and quantitative factors.Hence the study was undertaken with the objective of development,nutritional characteristics and consumer acceptability of jaggery.

Insight into Metabolomic Profiling of Tinospora cordifolia: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Quality Control

The objective of this study was to offer a review of previous works on Tinospora cordifolia(TC) metabolomics with a highlight on the use of metabolomics in comparative evaluations between varieties and selection of optimum cultivation, collection, and extraction procedures, providing insights into pharmaceutical and food product quality monitoring. Scholarly databases were searched to gather relevant information on TC's therapeutic usefulness, phytoconstituent studies, metabolomics, and applications. Pub Chem was used to learn the structures of several of the metabolites. The various medicinal properties of TC were extensively researched. The most essential portions of the plant in Ayurvedic medicines are the stems. Bioactive phytochemicals such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and phenolic compounds are present in the roots and leaves. Metabolomic analysis revealed that, in addition to the season and geographical region of the sample collected, the metabolite profiles of TC also depend on the parts of the plant taken as a sample and also the plant's stage of growth. The amounts of secondary metabolites differed between morpho/chemotypes within the TC species. Despite the fact that research on TC began several decades ago, the diversity of phytoconstituents was not appreciated because of a lack of reliable techniques for phytochemical fingerprinting. The uncovering of several novel metabolites was aided by advances in chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. To produce a full metabolomic profile, researchers used mutually complementary techniques. Following that, data analysis and searches against spectrum databases allowed for signal annotation and interpretation of metabolites in large quantities without separating them separately. The current review includes a critical assessment of metabolomic data and an overview of the technique's various applications. It is vital to establish the metrics of quality control of herbal medicines in order to accomplish formulation purity assessments. Such information would assist us in determining the best geolocation for the plants and the best time to harvest them. Metabolomic investigation of TC-based herbal products is recommended for quality standards and the identification of novel bioactive components.

Plant based metabolomics:a future prospective and versatile tool for metabolite databases of Curcuma longa

Sophisticated analytical instruments are used for quality evaluation and scientific validation to compliance the Sophisticated analytical instruments are used for quality evaluation and scientific validation to compliance the market demands.Recently,increase in demand of Curcuma longa has led to a high swing in small and medium food industry.The present review is devoted to an in-depth information on metabolite database of C.longa from different analytical techniques such as high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC),liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance.This work highlights different extraction methods,phytochemistry along with structure activity relationship,nutritional profiling,market viability and pharmacology of C.longa.The bioactives of C.longa depends on various factors such as plants growth,temperature,humidity,soil type,collection,drying and extraction process.These factors can contribute in quality evaluation of the food supplements if need to be included.The introduction of omics approaches can helpful to explore the quality and identification of potential lead of C.longa.The results could play an essential role in the area of food-phyto based profiling.Further,metabolomics techniques may provide a analytical platfom by combination of different"omics"data souces for future esearch to food sand herbal based products.

Exploring phytochemicals of Withania somnifera from different vicinity for functional foods

The well-known relation between food and bioactives explores the great prospective of innovative and novel food to maintain or improve health,increasing the demand investigating advance products with medicinal effect.Withania somnifera also known as‘Ashwagandha’in India,is one of the most utilized plants in different ancient medicine systems.The present work is an effort to develop a knowledge-based concept and a quality control approach for the development of functional foods.The study took into account the standardization criteria and examined how different geographies or different field sites(of India)would influence the phytoconstituents and their distribution in the different samples of W.somnifera.Phytoconstituents level were strongly influenced by soil quality,cultivar,and growing season.An increase in phenolic content,flavonoid content,antioxidants and the quality yield,were all correlated with increased phytoconstituent concentrations.The highest hydro-methanolic extract yield(by reflux(Soxhlet),sonication(20 min)and maceration(16 h)was from the sample collected from Rajasthan(18.61%,m/m)followed by West Bengal(11.21%)and Madhya Pradesh(12.67%)respectively.The methanolic extract of Rajasthan sample(produced by the reflux(Soxhlet)extraction method)had the highest concentrations of flavonoids(65.32 mg quercetin equivalent(QE)/g)and the total phenols(60.35 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/g),while Madhya Pradesh sample(distilled water reflux(Soxhlet))extract had the highest antioxidant content(74.13%).High performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)method was also utilized for identification of withanolides A.Chromatographic separations were carried out using V(ethyl acetate):V(toluene):V(acetic acid)=9.1:1:0.6 as the mobile phase.The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)study of hydro-methanolic Soxhlet extract of W.somnifera from 3 different regions of India was done and the total phytochemical substances identified were 132 in sample from Rajasthan,107 in sample from West Bengal,and 164 in sample from Madhya Pradesh respectively.To conclude,the present study demonstrates how,within a framework of integrated agricultural practices,yield and phytochemicals merge into a new paradigm of functional foods.

Potential of Essential Oils as Alternative Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Delivery

Transdermal drug delivery plays a significant part in the drug delivery system when compared to other routes of drug administration.The function of the stratum corneum(SC)is a barrier.Recently,numerous methods have been thrived to improve the perforation of drugs across the skin.The most effective method is to use enhancers since these agents enhance skin permeability.Natural penetration enhancers like essential oils demonstrate higher enhancement activity and are more widely accepted than synthetic penetration enhancers.High potential in the expansion and interaction with the SC intercellular lipids has led to an increasing interest in these oils as penetration enhancers.This article gives an overview of a few essential oils,including their mode of action and important parameters for permeation improvement.The present work can provide essential oils as alternative enhancers,and this could be useful in transdermal administration.