<b>Background:</b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:V...<b>Background:</b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may promote</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension (HTN). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Purpose:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To evaluate if there is a relationship between the severity of OSA and the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HTN in our patients, aiming to understand and optimize the control for comorbidities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Patients referred for polysomnography (PSG) were retrospectively recruited during the period from October 2017 to August 2020. A STOP-BANG questionnaire formed eight questions was used to assess the risk of OSAS. We divided the patients </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to two group</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;group 1, who have snoring without T2DM, and group 2, who have snoring with T2DM. PSG was completed for all subjects and data were collected for each patient including apnoea hypopnea index </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(AHI), mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), and Nadir SaO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> recorded</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> during PSG. Anthropometric data, medical history, and medications for T2DM (for group 2) and HTN and HbA1c were collected (for group 2). AHI was used to evaluate the severity of OSA and its relation to T2DM and HTN. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study included 300 patients who met the inclusion criteria with</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mean age </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49.9 ± 13.6 years. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">majority of subjects (56.3%) were males and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.0 ± 8.4 kg/m</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Forty-two percent had HTN and 32.7% had T2DM. OSA was diagnosed in 209 patients (69.7%). OSA was more detected among those with increased age, increased BMI, and those with HTN and T2DM. The severity of both HTN and T2DM was significantly higher among patients with OSA. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> There is a relation between OSA and T2DM and HTN. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">risk of OSA is higher among patients with uncontrolled T2DM and HTN. OSA should be suspected in subjects with obesity, especially with uncontrolled HTN and T2DM.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
The common causes of stridor in adults are abscesses or swelling of the upper airway, tumors, paralysis, or malfunction of vocal cords. Tracheitis <span style="font-family:Verdana;">due</span><...The common causes of stridor in adults are abscesses or swelling of the upper airway, tumors, paralysis, or malfunction of vocal cords. Tracheitis <span style="font-family:Verdana;">due</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to immunoglobulin deficiency may be a rare explanation for stridor in adults, although occasionally reported in children. We report an adult man having </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stridor secondary to isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency. We did a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n in-depth review of the literature to seek out no reported cases of stridor thanks to immunoglobulin deficiency in adults. This case underlines the very fact that a standard symptom like stridor rarely occurs thanks to uncommon causes. This case is exclusive because it reports the presence of stridor associated with isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency in an adult patient. The explanation for the stridor was an intraluminal narrowing of the upper part of the extrathoracic trachea.</span></span>展开更多
文摘<b>Background:</b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may promote</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension (HTN). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Purpose:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To evaluate if there is a relationship between the severity of OSA and the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HTN in our patients, aiming to understand and optimize the control for comorbidities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Patients referred for polysomnography (PSG) were retrospectively recruited during the period from October 2017 to August 2020. A STOP-BANG questionnaire formed eight questions was used to assess the risk of OSAS. We divided the patients </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to two group</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;group 1, who have snoring without T2DM, and group 2, who have snoring with T2DM. PSG was completed for all subjects and data were collected for each patient including apnoea hypopnea index </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(AHI), mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), and Nadir SaO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> recorded</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> during PSG. Anthropometric data, medical history, and medications for T2DM (for group 2) and HTN and HbA1c were collected (for group 2). AHI was used to evaluate the severity of OSA and its relation to T2DM and HTN. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study included 300 patients who met the inclusion criteria with</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mean age </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49.9 ± 13.6 years. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">majority of subjects (56.3%) were males and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.0 ± 8.4 kg/m</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Forty-two percent had HTN and 32.7% had T2DM. OSA was diagnosed in 209 patients (69.7%). OSA was more detected among those with increased age, increased BMI, and those with HTN and T2DM. The severity of both HTN and T2DM was significantly higher among patients with OSA. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> There is a relation between OSA and T2DM and HTN. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">risk of OSA is higher among patients with uncontrolled T2DM and HTN. OSA should be suspected in subjects with obesity, especially with uncontrolled HTN and T2DM.</span></span></span></span>
文摘The common causes of stridor in adults are abscesses or swelling of the upper airway, tumors, paralysis, or malfunction of vocal cords. Tracheitis <span style="font-family:Verdana;">due</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to immunoglobulin deficiency may be a rare explanation for stridor in adults, although occasionally reported in children. We report an adult man having </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stridor secondary to isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency. We did a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n in-depth review of the literature to seek out no reported cases of stridor thanks to immunoglobulin deficiency in adults. This case underlines the very fact that a standard symptom like stridor rarely occurs thanks to uncommon causes. This case is exclusive because it reports the presence of stridor associated with isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency in an adult patient. The explanation for the stridor was an intraluminal narrowing of the upper part of the extrathoracic trachea.</span></span>