Hydrolytic dynamics of pesticide N＇－（2，4－dimethylphenyl）－N－methylformamidine in aquatic solution

The hydrolytic dynamics of pesticide N' -(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine (DMA) in aquatic solution and its degradation in simulated aquatic ecosystem were investigated. The results showed that the compound was not very stable in aqueous solution and easily decomposed in alkaline solution. It was stable below pH5 and there was obvious tendency that the compound was easily decomposed when PH was greater than 6. The reaction rate constant of DMA increased with increasing of either pH value Or temperature of reaction medium. The half-life values of hydrolysis for DMA at 25℃ were 15. 92 days at pH 6, and 1. 40 days at pH 9 , respectively. The temperature coefficient and activation energy of hydrolysis for DMA was 2. 9 and 78. 74kJ. mol-1 , respectively. The degradation of DMA in simulated aquatic ecosystem was similar to that in buffer solution in the laboratory. The half-life values of degradation for DMA at 26℃ in simulated aquatic ecosystem were 3. 23 days at pH 9. 13 and 1. 41 days at pH 8. 28 , respectively.

中国石油国内油气对外合作面临的挑战与对策建议

中国石油国内油气对外合作30多年来,坚持公司战略部署,引进先进的适用工艺技术、管理模式和外资,取得了丰硕的成果。中方勘探投资风险得到有效缓解、勘探开发技术和管理水平显著提高、产量规模和经营效益稳步增长、国际化战略得到实施。但近年来存在对外合作项目减少,稳产难度增大、管理工作削弱,对外合作方向不明、国家政策不适应资源变化和市场化改革等问题。建议:统筹国内油气合作项目管理,创新合作模式,吸引多方力量合作开发;加大对外合作力度,进一步拓展在低品位、页岩(致密)油气、煤层气非常规油气资源、新能源等领域的合作;吸取对内对外合作经验教训,坚持互利共赢的合作理念,推广适用合作模式和内部管理创新,同时选准合作伙伴,严格签订合同;加强合作项目与自营项目的成果和经验交流,促进自营区技术管理创新;推进国家油气体制改革及油气全面立法,加快出台适应对外合作形势的新政策。