Comprehensive reutilization of herbal waste:Coproduction of magnolol,honokiol,and β-amyrin from Magnolia officinalis residue

Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.

Effectiveness of onsite and online education in enhancing knowledge and use of human immunodeficiency virus pre-and postexposure prophylaxis

BACKGROUND Enhancing awareness and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)is vital to curb human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)spread.High-risk behaviors prevalent among sexually transmitted infection clinic outpatients underscore the need for increased PrEP/PEP education in this group.AIM To investigate the effects of both onsite and online health education on the knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP and PEP among individuals receiving PEP services.METHODS Participants were drawn from a cohort study on PEP service intervention at an STD/AIDS outpatient clinic in designated HIV/AIDS hospitals in Beijing,conducted from January 1 to June 30,2022.Health education was provided both onsite and online during follow-up.Surveys assessing knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP/PEP were administered at baseline and again at 24 wk post-intervention.RESULTS A total of 112 participants were enrolled in the study;105 completed the follow-up at week 24.The percentage of participants with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP significantly increased from 65.2%and 69.6%at baseline to 83.8%and 82.9%at the end of the intervention(both P<0.05).Similarly,those with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PEP increased from 74.1%and 77.7%at baseline to 92.4%and 89.5%at week 24(P<0.05).Being between 31 years and 40 years of age,having a postgraduate degree or higher,and reporting a monthly expenditure of RMB 5000 or more were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of PrEP and PEP(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The findings show that both onsite and online health education significantly improved the knowledge of,and increased willingness to use,PrEP and PEP in individuals utilizing PEP services.

Functional characterization and key residues engineering of a regiopromiscuity O-methyltransferase involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Nelumbo nucifera

Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera),an ancient aquatic plant,possesses a unique pharmacological activity that is primarily contributed by benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BIAs).However,only few genes and enzymes involved in BIA biosynthesis in N.nucifera have been isolated and characterized.In the present study we identified the regiopromiscuity of an O-methyltransferase,designated NnOMT6,isolated from N.nucifera;NnOMT6 was found to catalyze the methylation of monobenzylisoquinoline 6-O/7-O,aporphine skeleton 6-O,phenylpropanoid 3-O,and protoberberine 2-O.We further probed the key residues affecting NnOMT6 activity via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.Verification using site-directed mutagenesis revealed that residues D316,N130,L135,N176A,D269,and E328 were critical for BIA O-methyltransferase activities;furthermore,N323A,a mutant of NnOMT6,demonstrated a substantial increase in catalytic efficiency for BIAs and a broader acceptor scope compared with wild-type NnOMT6.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to report the O-methyltransferase activity of an aporphine skeleton without benzyl moiety substitutions in N.nucifera.The study findings provide biocatalysts for the semisynthesis of related medical compounds and give insights into protein engineering to strengthen O-methyltransferase activity in plants.

Benidipine-loaded nanoflower-likemagnesium silicate improves bone regeneration

Regeneration and reconstruction of bone tissue is always a challenge for clinicians due to the uncertainty of bone repair materials in terms of long-term and efficient effects on osteoblasts.Here,we propose a novel strategy combining benidipine,an antihypertensive drug and nanoparticles to synergistically promote the healing of bone defects.Loose and porous benidipine-loaded magnesium silicate nanoparticles were prepared and validated for their biosafety.The nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by preosteoblasts and uniformly distributed around the nucleus.After internalization into cells,the nanosystem is degraded by lysosomes,and the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation is reflected by the continuous release of benidipine,silicon and magnesium ions.Our results clearly evaluated that the nanoflower-like magnesium silicate delivering benidipine tends to be more appropriate for the bone regeneration in preosteoblasts,indicating that it might be a potential approach in guiding bone repair in clinical applications.

The oldest shale gas reservoirs in southern margin of Huangling uplift,Yichang, Hubei,China

1.Objective Large-scale commercial production of shale gas started in Fuling,Changning and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin (Zou et al.,2016)since 2010.The most notable shale gas success is the Longmaxi organic rich Shale in Jiaoshiba field, Sichuan Basin.The Yichang slope is located in the north of middle Yangtze region.This eastward dipping slope is a new prospective area for shale gas exploration in recent 5 years.

Saliency detection and edge feature matching approach for crater extraction

Craters are salient terrain features on planetary surfaces, and provide useful information about the relative dating of geological unit of planets. In addition, they are ideal landmarks for spacecraft navigation. Due to low contrast and uneven illumination, automatic extraction of craters remains a challenging task. This paper presents a saliency detection method for crater edges and a feature matching algorithm based on edges informa- tion. The craters are extracted through saliency edges detection, edge extraction and selection, feature matching of the same crater edges and robust ellipse fitting. In the edges matching algorithm, a crater feature model is proposed by analyzing the relationship between highlight region edges and shadow region ones. Then, crater edges are paired through the effective matching algorithm. Experiments of real planetary images show that the proposed approach is robust to different lights and topographies, and the detection rate is larger than 90%.

Flotation kinetics performance of different coal size fractions with nanobubbles

The flotation kinetics of different size fractions of conventional and nanobubble(NB) flotation were compared to investigate the effect of NBs on the flotation performance of various coal particle sizes. Six flotation kinetics models were selected to fit the flotation data, and NBs were observed on a hydrophobic surface under hydrodynamic cavitation by atomic force microscope scanning. Flotation results indicated that the best flotation performance of size fraction at-0.125+0.074 mm can be obtained either in conventional or NB flotation. NBs increase the combustible recovery of almost all the size fractions, but they increase the product ash content of-0.25+0.074 mm and reduce the product ash content of-0.045 mm at the same time. The first-order models can be used to fit the flotation data in conventional and NB flotation, and the classical first-order model is the most suitable one. NBs considerably enhance flotation rate on coarse size fraction(-0.5+0.25 mm) but decrease the flotation rate of the medium size(-0.25+0.074 mm). The improvement of flotation speed on fine coal particles(-0.074 mm) is probably the reason for the improved performance of raw sample flotation.

Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis and Their Cytotoxicities

Six new triterpenoid saponins,aesculusosides A-F(1-6),together with 19 known ones,were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis.The new structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with previously reported data.Some of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 cell line by an MTT assay,and compounds 15,16,19,and 23-25 exhibited inhibitory activities against MCF-7 with IC50 values ranging from 7.1 to 31.3μM.

Source of silica and its implications for organic matter enrichment in the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian black shale in western Hubei Province,China:Insights from geochemical and petrological analysis

To improve the understanding of the relationship between silica source and organic matter accumulation,the origin of silica and its implications for organic matter enrichment in the Upper OrdovicianLower Silurian(O_(3)w-S_(1)l)black shale in western Hubei Province in the middle Yangtze area,were investigated through geochemical and petrological analyses.The results show that the O_(3)w-S_(1)l black shale is mainly composed of five lithofacies with varying graptolite abundance,total organic carbon(TOC),and silica contents.Biogenic silica and terrigenous siliciclastic input constitute the main silica sources in O_(3)w-S_(1)l black shale and they exhibit an upward inverse variation trend interpreted to be related to sea-level changes.Moreover,with the increase in biogenic silica content or decrease in terrigenous siliciclastic input,TOC values in black shale initially rise and then fall,which is different from originally expected simple linear relationship.We infer that organic matter enrichment and the distribution of silica from different origins are controlled by sea-level changes and variations in terrigenous input in a continental shelf with little hydrothermal influence.An environment with appropriate sea level and terrigenous input should be most favorable for organic matter accumulation,rather than one with excessive high sea level and less terrigenous input.

N-glucosyltransferase GbNGT1 from ginkgo complements the auxin metabolic pathway

As auxins are among the most important phytohormones,the regulation of auxin homeostasis is complex.Generally,auxin conjugates,especially IAA glucosides,are predominant at high auxin levels.Previous research on terminal glucosylation focused mainly on the O-position,while IAA-N-glucoside and IAA-Asp-N-glucoside have been neglected since their discovery in 2001.In our study,IAA-Asp-N-glucoside was found to be specifically abundant(as high as 4.13 mg/g)in the seeds of 58 ginkgo cultivars.Furthermore,a novel N-glucosyltransferase,termed GbNGT1,was identified via differential transcriptome analysis and in vitro enzymatic testing.It was found that GbNGT1 could catalyze IAA-Asp and IAA to form their corresponding N-glucosides.The enzyme was demonstrated to possess a specific catalytic capacity toward the N-position of the IAA-amino acid or IAA from 52 substrates.Docking and site-directed mutagenesis of this enzyme confirmed that the E15G mutant could almost completely abolish its N-glucosylation ability toward IAA-Asp and IAA in vitro and in vivo.The IAA modification of GbNGT1 and GbGH3.5 was verified by transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana.The effect of GbNGT1 on IAA distribution promotes root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A Longitudinal Study of Clinical Benefits with Implementation of the Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold Technique in Post-Operative Radiotherapy for Left-Sided Breast Cancer

Purpose/Objectives: We aimed to report clinical effects on critical organ dose and cardiac toxicity from implementation of the deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique in post-operative extern-beam radiotherapy of patients with left-sided breast cancer, using longitudinal clinical data. Materials/Methods: We retrieved three groups of patients who received post-operative radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer in our institution in recent years: Groups A and B consist of patients whose treatment did not include internal mammary nodes (IMN) and who were treated with the free breathing technique and with the DIBH technique, respectively, and Group C consists of patients whose radiotherapy included internal mammary nodes with the DIBH technique. Dose parameters for the heart and left lung were retrieved from the treatment plans. Radiation-induced cardiac risks were estimated using existing risk models. Results: The average heart dose was 2.65 ± 0.98 Gy, 1.10 ± 0.29 Gy, and 1.26 ± 0.25 Gy in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The average heart volumes receiving at least 25 Gy were 7.10 ± 9.79 cc in Group A, 0.07 ± 0.22 cc in Group B, and 0.03 ± 0.08 cc in Group C. On average, the excessive risk of having ischemic heart disease was estimated to be 19.6%, 8.1%, and 9.3% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The mean left lung doses were 5.73 ± 1.86 Gy, 5.93 ± 1.55 Gy, and 9.13 ± 1.57 Gy in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Conclusion: Implementation of the DIBH technique significantly lowered heart dose and decreased the ischemic heart disease risk in patients receiving post-operative radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer, without significant increase in left lung dose.

Changes in blood lipid levels and influencing factors among treatment-naïve adult male HlV/AlDS patients following BlC/FTC/TAF vs.3TC+EFV+TDF

Background:Antiretroviral therapy(ART)was often associated with dyslipidemia among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)patients.This study aimed to assess treatment-naïve adult male patients with HIV/AIDS who initiated ART with either co-formulated bictegravir,emtricitabine,and tenofovir alafenamide(BIC/FTC/TAF)or lamivudine,efavirenz,and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(3TC+EFV+TDF),monitoring at weeks 4,12,24,and 48.Methods:A case-control retrospective study was conducted.The newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals attending the sexual transmission disease(STD)/AIDS clinic of Beijing Youan Hospital,Capital Medical University,from January to December 2021.The patients were divided into BIC/FTC/TAF group or 3TC+EFV+TDF group.High-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG),and total cholesterol(TC)at different time points over 48 weeks between two groups were compared.A multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify relevant influencing factors for the population at high risk of increased LDL-C.Results:A total of 870 participants,with 510 in BIC/FTC/TAF group and 360 in 3TC+EFV+TDF group.There were no statistically significant differences in median age,baseline CD4/CD8 ratio,median body mass index(BMI)between the two groups.In both two groups,levels of TG,TC,and LDL-C were higher at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks of treatment(all P<0.05),and there were no statistically significant differences at 48 weeks compared to those at baseline(all P>0.05).In addition,the differences in average changes of the level of TG,TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C from weeks 4,12,24,and 48 to baseline between two groups were not statistically significant(all P>0.05).Multivariate Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that initiating ART with HIV RNA≥10^(5)copies/mL(compared with<10^(5)copies/mL)was associated with an increased risk of elevated LDL-C(hazard ratio=1.26,95%confidence interval:1.07-1.48,P=0.005).Conclusions:Transient elevations in blood lipid levels(TC,TG,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were observed in treatment-naïve adult male HIV/AIDS patients with BIC/FTC/TAF at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks of treatment.However,these levels did not differ significantly from baseline after 48 weeks of treatment,regardless of whether patients were in the BIC/FTC/TAF or 3TC+EFV+TDF group.

Interface engineering of Co_(9)S_(8)/SnS heterostructure as a high-performance anode for lithium/sodium-ion batteries

Transition metal sulfide(TMS)anodes exhibit the characteristics of phase stability and high capacity for lithium/sodium-ion batteries(LIBs/SIBs).However,the TMS anodes often suffer from poor electronic conductivity,low ionic diffusion and large volume expansion during Li/Na-ion intercalation significantly impairing the Li/Na-storage performance.Herein,a long chain heterostructure composed of the Co_(9)S_(8) and SnS are first reported,which can generate rich phase interfaces,and small crystal domains.The unique structure can facilitate the properties of reactivity,conductivity and ionic diffusion.In addition,the heterostructure surface is modified by the N-doped carbon(N-DC@(CoSn)S),successfully improving the structural stability.The synergistic effects of Co_(9)S_(8)/SnS heterostructure and coated carbon layer effectively increase the capacity and cycling stability.The N-DC@(CoSn)S anode delivers enhanced high specific capacities of 820.6 mAh·g^(−1) at 1.0 A·g^(–1) after 500 cycles for LIBs and 339.2 mAh·g^(–1)at 0.5 A·g^(–1) after 1000 cycles for SIBs,respectively.This work is expected to provide a material design idea for preparing LIBs/SIBs with high capacity and long cycling life.

Toxicity mechanisms of photodegraded polyvinyl chloride nanoplastics on pea seedlings

Nanoplasctics(NPs),which are very small in particle size,exert toxic effect to organisms.Additionally,compared to original NPs,photodegraded NPs would pose higher toxicity.This is because their relatively higher specific surface areas and the presence of additives which can more easily leach.How original NPs and aged NPs affect plant growth has not been widely investigated.This work chose polyvinyl chloride NPs(PVC-NPs)that were subjected to up to 1000 h UV light radiation to explore the impact of PVC-NPs on the growth of pea seedlings(Pisum Sativum L.).The results indicated the existence of PVC-NPs with longer UV light radiation time and higher concentrations had more negative influences on pea seedlings’growth such as germination rate(decreased by 10.6%–22.5%),stem length(decreased by 2.8%–8.1%),dry weight(decreased by 6.3%–7.1%)and fresh weight(decreased by 6.7%–14.8%).It was also noted that photodegraded PVC-NPs resulted in damage to leaf stomata and roots,hindering photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients and hence the decrease in chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents.According to transcriptomic investigation results,the presence of aged PVC-NPs primarily influenced protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum(upregulated metabolic pathway)and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis(downregulated metabolic pathway)of pea seedlings.These results provide an in-depth understanding of how NPs influence the growth of plants.

PDGFR in PDGF-BB/PDGFR Signaling Pathway Does Orchestrates Osteogenesis ina Temporal Manner

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β(PDGFR-β)pathway is conventionally considered as an important pathway to promote osteogenesis;however,recent study suggested its role during osteogenesis to be controversial.Regarding the differential functions of this pathway during 3 stages of bone healing,we hypothesized that temporal inhibition of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-βpathway could shift the proliferation/differentiation balance of skeletal stem and progenitor cells,toward osteogenic lineage,which leads to improved bone regeneration.We first validated that inhibition of PDGFR-βat late stage of osteogenic induction effectively enhanced differentiation toward osteoblasts.This effect was also replicated invivo by showing accelerated bone formation when block PDGFR-βpathway at late stage of critical bone defect healing mediated using biomaterials.Further,we found that such PDGFR-βinhibitor-initiated bone healing was also effective in the absence of scaffold implantation when administrated intraperitoneally.Mechanistically,timely inhibition of PDGFR-βblocked extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathway,which shift proliferation/differentiation balance of skeletal stem and progenitor cell to osteogenic lineage by upregulating osteogenesis-related products of Smad to induce osteogenesis.This study offered updated understanding of the use of PDGFR-βpathway and provides new insight routes of action and novel therapeutic methods in the field of bone repair.

附子理中汤对非酒精性脂肪肝细胞模型脂肪沉积的影响与相关机制研究

目的:探究附子理中汤对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)细胞模型脂肪沉积的影响及相关机制。方法:采用1 ml/l的脂肪乳剂培养肝细胞建立NAFLD细胞模型,并采用高(1.5 g/ml)、中(1 g/ml)、低(0.5 g/ml)附子理中汤及易善复(5μmol/l)干预48 h,MTT检测细胞活力,油红O染色观察脂肪沉积,酶联免疫吸附法检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、干扰素-α(INF-α)、干扰素-β(INF-β)和白介素-10(IL-10)水平,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染检测细胞凋亡水平,实时荧光定量PCR及免疫印迹检测细胞中Toll样受体4(TLR4)、TRIF相关的接头分子(TRAM)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子3(TRAF3)及干扰素调节因子3(IRF3)的表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,各治疗组细胞活力与INF-α、INF-β、IL-10、TRAM、TRAF3和IRF3水平显著增加,脂肪沉积能力与ALT、AST、TG及TLR4水平显著降低。结论:附子理中汤可降低NAFLD模型细胞的脂肪沉积能力,这可能与附子理中汤对TLR4/TRAM/TRAF3信号通路的有效调节密切相关。

同期三镜联合手术与分期两镜手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效对比

目的探讨同期三镜联合手术(腹腔镜+十二指肠镜+胆道镜)与分期两期两镜手术[内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)+腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)]治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年3月54例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,分别行同期三镜手术和分期两镜手术,其中同期三镜手术29例,分期两镜手术25例,分析比较两组手术成功率、住院时间、住院费用、并发症和胆汁引流量等指标的差异。结果54例患者中,采取同期三镜手术患者均手术成功,无残余结石,无中转开腹,术后1例出现急性胰腺炎,1例出现梗阻性黄疸,转氨酶升高;采取分期两镜手术患者中,1例因十二指肠镜取石失败,改为择期同期三镜手术,其余手术均成功,结石完全被取出,术后轻症急性胰腺炎3例,1例出现电解质紊乱,1例行胆囊切除术后出现发热,1例出现黄疸。两组患者全麻术后肛门排气时间、住院总费用、术后第1天、第2天胆汁引流量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间和术后第3天胆汁引流量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论同期三镜手术较两期手术住院时间更短、术后恢复更快、并发症更少,但手术时间和出血量明显较分期两镜手术多。在合适的患者及其自身要求下,同期三镜手术可能会取得更好的治疗效果。

腹腔镜下套管乳头扩张术与内镜下乳头微切开术治疗细径胆总管结石合并Oddi括约肌狭窄的疗效对比

目的分析比较腹腔镜下经肝穿刺套管行十二指肠乳头扩张术与十二指肠镜下行乳头微切开术处理胆总管结石合并胆道良性狭窄及Oddi括约肌狭窄患者的临床资料,探讨细径胆总管结石合并Oddi括约肌狭窄的临床治疗经验;腹腔镜下经导管乳头扩张术的安全性、优越性及在扩大一期缝合范围上的临床价值。方法回顾性分析该科2016年1月-2017年1月收治的细径胆总管结石合并Oddi括约肌狭窄患者60例。其中腹腔镜下套管乳头扩张术30例,十二指肠镜下行乳头微切开术30例。对比分析腹腔镜下套管乳头扩张术组(以下简称套管扩张组)及十二指肠镜下行乳头微切开术组(以下简称乳头微切开组)的临床治疗情况。结果 60例手术均成功,围手术期无死亡发生。两组资料对比,手术前后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及谷草转氨酶(AST)差异值、直接胆红素(DBIL)差异值以及术后并发胆道出血情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而手术时间、手术前后血淀粉酶差异值、脂肪酶差异值、术后消化道症状、并发胰腺炎和胃肠功能恢复时间等,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中套管扩张组出现1例胆漏,经术中常规放置腹腔引流管引流自愈。而因其未切开乳头括约肌,术后胃肠功能恢复快,不易并发胰腺炎。结论腹腔镜下套管乳头扩张术并未增加术后肝功能损害、DBIL异常、结石残留、胆道出血和胆道狭窄等,同时能有效减少术后胰腺炎、胆汁反流和消化道症状等并发症的发生率,体现出了其在微创技术方面的优越性。在合适的应用范围(术者操作熟练)内选择该术式治疗细径胆总管结石伴Oddi括约肌狭窄安全有效且术后并发症相对减少。

裂缝性低渗油藏复合体系协同驱油适应性研究

针对低渗油藏注水开发过程中对储层微裂缝简单调驱后,注入水易沿高渗条带发生绕流造成开发效果严重受限的问题,评价了泡沫体系起泡、稳泡性能和一种改性淀粉凝胶成胶性能,开展了泡沫微观调驱和裂缝性低渗岩心复合体系协同驱油实验,并利用径向流模型模拟油藏实际井网对复合体系协同驱油适应性进行了验证。实验结果表明:起泡剂和稳泡剂最佳质量分数分别为0.5%和0.1%,改性淀粉凝胶体系成胶后具有较高强度和突破压力;注入泡沫体系后水驱,小孔隙微观驱油效果较前期水驱提高14.21%,其在渗透率级差约为30时具有更好的调剖性能;裂缝性低渗油藏水驱过程中,采用改性淀粉凝胶联合泡沫协同驱油效果最佳,其较注入单一改性淀粉凝胶或泡沫体系后水驱采收率可分别提高22.17%和46.07%,且径向流模型验证实验表明该协同驱油方法在裂缝性低渗油藏的适应性较好。

附子理中汤减轻非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠炎症损伤的机制研究

目的:观察附子理中汤对非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)大鼠炎症损伤的影响,并探讨其机制。方法:48只SPF级雄性SD大鼠被随机分为6组:对照组、模型组、附子理中汤高剂量(20 mg·kg^−1·d^−1)、中剂量(10 mg·kg^−1·d^−1)和低剂量(5 mg·kg^−1·d^−1)组以及易善复(30 mg·kg^−1·d^−1)组,每组8只。采用脂肪乳持续灌胃4周制备大鼠NAFLD模型,然后分组给药4周。HE染色法观察大鼠肝组织病理学变化;ELISA法检测血清中炎症因子白细胞介素2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、IL-6及肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平;RT-qPCR及Western blot法检测肝组织中Toll样受体4(toll like receptor 4,TLR4)及NF-κB p65的表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肝组织炎症损伤严重,血清IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α水平及肝组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65 mRNA均显著增加(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,各附子理中汤治疗组大鼠肝组织损伤程度均减轻,血清IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α水平及肝组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65 mRNA均显著降低(P<0.05)。此外,肝组织中TLR4、p-NF-κB p65的蛋白水平变化与TLR4、NF-κB p65 mRNA变化一致。结论:附子理中汤可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB p65信号通路减轻NAFLD大鼠炎症损伤。