广东梅州烟区土壤与烟叶化学成分特征评价及其相关性分析

【目的】研究广东梅州烟叶主产区土壤和烟叶化学成分特征及其相关关系,探究影响烟叶化学品质的关键土壤因子。【方法】选取广东梅州烟叶主产区48个植烟土壤及相应的烤后中上部烟叶,分析土壤和烟叶化学成分特征,并对土壤和烟叶化学成分指标进行逐步回归分析。【结果】广东梅州烟区土壤偏酸比例占64.58%,有机质(SOM)及水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量丰富,全氮(TN)含量适宜比例占68.75%,全磷(TP)丰及很丰比例占70.83%,全钾(TK)缺和极缺比例占68.75%,速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量丰富,其中丰及很丰比例分别占97.92%、91.76%和79.17%。中部烟叶总糖和淀粉含量及糖碱比偏高,比例分别占91.67%、100%及66.67%,上部烟叶总糖、还原糖、淀粉含量及糖碱比偏高比例分别占87.50%、75.00%、100%及56.25%,烟碱含量偏低,比例占47.92%。主成分分析结果表明,糖碱比、总氮、烟碱、总糖和还原糖含量是评价广东梅州中部烟叶化学成分的主要指标,还原糖含量、糖碱比、总糖和烟碱含量是评价梅州上部烟叶化学成分的主要指标。中部烟叶化学综合质量与土壤AK含量呈正相关关系;中部烟叶烟碱含量与土壤AK含量呈负相关关系;中部烟叶总糖、还原糖、淀粉含量以及上部烟叶淀粉含量与土壤WSOC含量呈负相关关系;上部烟叶还原糖含量与土壤AP呈正相关关系;上部烟叶化学综合质量与土壤AP含量呈负相关关系,与土壤AK含量和pH值呈正相关关系。【结论】提高广东梅州烟区土壤pH值、AK和WSOC含量,降低土壤AP含量,有利于梅州烟区烟叶质量的提高。

Chemical Control of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner with Multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

[Objective] The paper was to explore chemical control of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner with multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. [Method] According to the outbreak characteristics of C. lanigera,multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle was applied for flying control test. Referred to the spraying characteristics of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle,two kinds of microcapsule pesticides,ALV-1501 and ALV-1502,and two kinds of spraying additives,SPA-01 and SPA-02,were designed to control C. lanigera. [Result] The control effect of ALV-1501 at the dose of 2. 25 L/hm;was 60. 02% at 1 d post administration and 54. 14%at 5 d post administration; the control effects of ALV-1502 at the dose of 2. 1 L/hm2 were 76. 35% and 81. 35% at 1 and 5 d post administration,respectively.Compared to individual pesticide,the control effects of ALV-1501 were improved 1. 42-1. 47 times and 1. 16-1. 14 times by adding 0. 6 L/hm;SPA-01 and SPA-02 in pesticide liquid,respectively. The control effects of ALV-1502 were improved 1. 23-1. 25 times and 1. 15-1. 16 times by adding 0. 6 L/hm2 SPA-01 and SPA-02,respectively. The control effects against C. lanigera at three flying speeds of 3,5 and 8 m/s were 99. 72%-99. 97%,81. 6%-99. 81% and63. 52%-68. 77%,respectively. [Conclusion]The results will provide a reference for application of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in prevention and control of C. lanigera in sugarcane field.

我国药肥研究现状及前景分析

近年来,因药肥具有省工节本、广谱高效、互作增效等优点,已经成为农业生产中的一种普遍措施,开发稳定高效的药肥产品已经成为行业领域的研究热点。文章从药肥的优点、管理情况、研究历史和现状等几个方面进行论述,分析我国药肥发展存在的问题,提出解决对策,并对我国药肥发展前景作了展望。

2%噻虫胺颗粒剂和性诱剂对果蔗条螟的田间防控效果

果蔗是我国华南地区的特色水果,条螟(Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer)是危害果蔗的主要害虫之一,严重影响果蔗的产量和品质。农药防治是目前最主要的技术手段,但是大量的化学农药施用不仅危害环境,而且对人们健康存在安全隐患。为了推进化学农药减量增效以及果蔗行业的绿色发展,本研究根据果蔗条螟预测预报技术,建立了“2%噻虫胺颗粒剂+性诱剂”技术模式,并在广州市南沙区东涌镇和榄核镇开展了试验与示范工作。结果表明,条螟性诱剂预测预报结果与人工花叶调查结果基本一致,但是花叶率高峰期与同期诱蛾量高峰期相比具有7~10 d的滞后;甘蔗苗期2%噻虫胺颗粒剂处理后30 d,在东涌镇处理组枯心率为0.47%±0.04%,榄核镇枯心率为0.66%±0.23%,对照组为5.03%±3.09%。东涌镇、榄核镇处理苗期果蔗枯心的防效分别为90.60%±0.85%和86.88%±2.69%,花叶防效分别为77.60%±7.34%和74.65%±6.36%,2个试验地的防效差异不显著;中期挂迷向丝15 d后性诱剂迷向防控在东涌镇和榄核镇的螟害株防治效果分别为86.52%±2.56%和89.64%±3.00%,螟害节防治效果分别为77.48%±7.97%和89.64%±2.38%;收获前最终调查显示,东涌镇和榄核镇的最终螟害株防效分别为75.44%±3.56%和82.63%±5.13%,螟害节防效分别为74.08%±11.00%和78.84%±6.44%。研究表明,“2%噻虫胺颗粒剂+性诱剂”技术模式对果蔗条螟具有良好的防治效果,将为果蔗条螟的防控以及农药减量增效提供技术参考。