Observation and Analysis of VLF Nocturnal Multimode Interference Phenomenon based on Waveguide Mode Theory

Very low frequency(VLF)signals are propagated between the ground-ionosphere.Multimode interference will cause the phase to show oscillatory changes with distance while propagating at night,leading to abnormalities in the received VLF signal.This study uses the VLF signal received in Qingdao City,Shandong Province,from the Russian Alpha navigation system to explore the multimode interference problem of VLF signal propagation.The characteristics of the effect of multimode interference phenomena on the phase are analyzed according to the variation of the phase of the VLF signal.However,the phase of VLF signals will also be affected by the X-ray and energetic particles that are released during the eruption of solar flares,therefore the two phenomena are studied in this work.It is concluded that the X-ray will not affect the phase of VLF signals at night,but the energetic particles will affect the phase change,and the influence of energetic particles should be excluded in the study of multimode interference phenomena.Using VLF signals for navigation positioning in degraded or unavailable GPS conditions is of great practical significance for VLF navigation systems as it can avoid the influence of multimode interference and improve positioning accuracy.

Silencing miRNA-324-3p protects against cerebral ischemic injury via regulation of the GATA2/A1R axis

Previous studies have suggested that miR-324-3p is related to the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia,but the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclea r.In this study,we found that miR-324-3p expression was decreased in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stro ke.miR-324-3p agomir potentiated ischemic brain damage in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion,as indicated by increased infarct volumes and cell apoptosis rates and greater neurological deficits.In a PC12 cell oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model,a miR-324-3 p mimic decreased cell viability and expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and rates of cell apoptosis,whereas treatment with a miR-324-3p inhibitor had the opposite effects.Silencing miR-324-3p increased adenosine A1 receptor(A1R)expression thro ugh regulation of GATA binding protein 2(GATA2).These findings suggest that silencing miR-324-3p reduces ischemic brain damage via the GATA2/A1R axis.

Liver injury changes the biological characters of serum small extracellular vesicles and reprograms hepatic macrophages in mice

BACKGROUND Serum small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)and their small RNA(sRNA)cargoes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver injury.However,the dynamic changes in serum sEVs and their sRNA components during liver injury have not been well characterized.Given that hepatic macrophages can quickly clear intravenously injected sEVs,the effect of liver injury-related serum sEVs on hepatic macrophages deserves to be explored.AIM To identify the characteristics of serum sEVs and the sRNAs during liver injury and explore their effects on hepatic macrophages.METHODS To identify serum sEV biomarkers for liver injury,we established a CCL4-induced mouse liver injury model in C57BL/6 mice to simulate acute liver injury(ALI),chronic liver injury(CLI)and recovery.Serum sEVs were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis.Serum sEV sRNAs were profiled by sRNA sequencing.Differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)were compared to mouse liver-enriched miRNAs and previously reported circulating miRNAs related to human liver diseases.The biological significance was evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of altered sEV miRNAs and conditioned cultures of ALI serum sEVs with primary hepatic macrophages.RESULTS We found that both ALI and CLI changed the concentration and morphology of serum sEVs.The proportion of serum sEV miRNAs increased upon liver injury,with the liver as the primary contributor.The altered serum sEV miRNAs based on mouse studies were consistent with human liver disease-related circulating miRNAs.We established serum sEV miRNA signatures for ALI and CLI and a panel of miRNAs(miR-122-5p,miR-192-5p,and miR-22-3p)as a common marker for liver injury.The differential serum sEV miRNAs in ALI contributed mainly to liver steatosis and inflammation,while those in CLI contributed primarily to hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplasia.ALI serum sEVs decreased both CD86 and CD206 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages but increased CD206 expression in resident macrophages in vitro.CONCLUSION Serum sEVs acquired different concentrations,sizes,morphologies and sRNA contents upon liver injury and could change the phenotype of liver macrophages.Serum sEVs therefore have good diagnostic and therapeutic potential for liver injury.

Fast generation of W state via superadiabatic-based shortcut in circuit quantum electrodynamics

We propose a scheme to fast prepare the three-qubit W state via superadiabatic-based shortcuts in a circuit quantumelectrodynamics (circuit QED) system. We derive the effective Hamiltonian to suppress the unwanted transitions betweendifferent eigenstates by counterdiabatic driving, and obtain the W state with high-fidelity based on the superadiabaticpassage. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can accelerate the evolution, and is moreefficient than that with the adiabatic passage. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust to the decoherence caused by theresonator decay and qubit relaxation, and does not need additional parameters, which could be feasible in experiment.

Meta-analysis of serum copper and heart failure

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to clarify the association between Cu levels and heart failure(HF)using a meta-analysis approach.METHODS We searched articles in the Pub Med,EMbase,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM Database published as of August 2016.The case control study on the relationship between serum copper levels and HF were collected and read and extracted by two independent researchers.A Meta analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS A total of twenty-one eligible articles,including 893 HF and 654 control subjects,were enrolled.The Meta analysis showed that serum copper levels in HF were higher than control group[SMD=0.881,95%CI:(0.487,1.264),Z=4.5,P<0.001].The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were reliable.Begg′s tests did not find the existence of publication bias.CONCLUSION This metaanalysis indicates that there is a significant association between high Cu serum level and HF.