Three-dimensional(3D)nano-printing of freeform optical waveguides,also referred to as photonic wire bonding,allows for efficient coupling between photonic chips and can greatly simplify optical system assembly.As a ke...Three-dimensional(3D)nano-printing of freeform optical waveguides,also referred to as photonic wire bonding,allows for efficient coupling between photonic chips and can greatly simplify optical system assembly.As a key advantage,the shape and the trajectory of photonic wire bonds can be adapted to the mode-field profiles and the positions of the chips,thereby offering an attractive alternative to conventional optical assembly techniques that rely on technically complex and costly high-precision alignment.However,while the fundamental advantages of the photonic wire bonding concept have been shown in proof-of-concept experiments,it has so far been unclear whether the technique can also be leveraged for practically relevant use cases with stringent reproducibility and reliability requirements.In this paper,we demonstrate optical communication engines that rely on photonic wire bonding for connecting arrays of silicon photonic modulators to InP lasers and single-mode fibres.In a first experiment,we show an eight-channel transmitter offering an aggregate line rate of 448 Gbit/s by low-complexity intensity modulation.A second experiment is dedicated to a four-channel coherent transmitter,operating at a net data rate of 732.7 Gbit/s-a record for coherent silicon photonic transmitters with co-packaged lasers.Using dedicated test chips,we further demonstrate automated mass production of photonic wire bonds with insertion losses of(0.7±0.15)dB,and we show their resilience in environmental-stability tests and at high optical power.These results might form the basis for simplified assembly of advanced photonic multi-chip systems that combine the distinct advantages of different integration platforms.展开更多
Early and efficient disease diagnosis with low-cost point-of-care devices is gaining importance for personalized medicine and public health protection.Within this context,waveguide-(WG)-based optical biosensors on the...Early and efficient disease diagnosis with low-cost point-of-care devices is gaining importance for personalized medicine and public health protection.Within this context,waveguide-(WG)-based optical biosensors on the siliconnitride(Si_(3)N_(4))platform represent a particularly promising option,offering highly sensitive detection of indicative biomarkers in multiplexed sensor arrays operated by light in the visible-wavelength range.However,while passive Si_(3)N_(4)-based photonic circuits lend themselves to highly scalable mass production,the integration of low-cost light sources remains a challenge.In this paper,we demonstrate optical biosensors that combine Si_(3)N_(4)sensor circuits with hybrid on-chip organic lasers.These Si_(3)N_(4)-organic hybrid(SiNOH)lasers rely on a dye-doped cladding material that are deposited on top of a passive WG and that are optically pumped by an external light source.Fabrication of the devices is simple:The underlying Si_(3)N_(4)WGs are structured in a single lithography step,and the organic gain medium is subsequently applied by dispensing,spin-coating,or ink-jet printing processes.A highly parallel read-out of the optical sensor signals is accomplished with a simple camera.In our proof-of-concept experiment,we demonstrate the viability of the approach by detecting different concentrations of fibrinogen in phosphate-buffered saline solutions with a sensor-length(L-)-related sensitivity of S/L=0.16 rad nM^(-1)mm^(-1).To our knowledge,this is the first demonstration of an integrated optical circuit driven by a co-integrated low-cost organic light source.We expect that the versatility of the device concept,the simple operation principle,and the compatibility with cost-efficient mass production will make the concept a highly attractive option for applications in biophotonics and point-of-care diagnostics.展开更多
基金supported by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung(BMBF)Projects PHOIBOS(Grant 13N1257)and SPIDER(Grant 01DR18014A)by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany´s Excellence Strategy via the Excellence Cluster 3D Matter Made to Order(EXC-2082/1-390761711)+6 种基金by the Helmholtz International Research School for Teratronics(HIRST)by the European Research Council(ERC Consolidator Grant‘TeraSHAPE’,#773248)by the H2020 Photonic Packaging Pilot Line PIXAPP(#731954)by the EU-FP7 project BigPipesby the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundationby the Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility(KNMF)by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)through CRC#1173(‘WavePheonmena’).
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)nano-printing of freeform optical waveguides,also referred to as photonic wire bonding,allows for efficient coupling between photonic chips and can greatly simplify optical system assembly.As a key advantage,the shape and the trajectory of photonic wire bonds can be adapted to the mode-field profiles and the positions of the chips,thereby offering an attractive alternative to conventional optical assembly techniques that rely on technically complex and costly high-precision alignment.However,while the fundamental advantages of the photonic wire bonding concept have been shown in proof-of-concept experiments,it has so far been unclear whether the technique can also be leveraged for practically relevant use cases with stringent reproducibility and reliability requirements.In this paper,we demonstrate optical communication engines that rely on photonic wire bonding for connecting arrays of silicon photonic modulators to InP lasers and single-mode fibres.In a first experiment,we show an eight-channel transmitter offering an aggregate line rate of 448 Gbit/s by low-complexity intensity modulation.A second experiment is dedicated to a four-channel coherent transmitter,operating at a net data rate of 732.7 Gbit/s-a record for coherent silicon photonic transmitters with co-packaged lasers.Using dedicated test chips,we further demonstrate automated mass production of photonic wire bonds with insertion losses of(0.7±0.15)dB,and we show their resilience in environmental-stability tests and at high optical power.These results might form the basis for simplified assembly of advanced photonic multi-chip systems that combine the distinct advantages of different integration platforms.
基金the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation,by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany's Excellence Strategy via the Excellence Cluster 3D Matter Made to Order(EXC-2082/1-390761711)by the European Research Council(ERC Consolidator Grant TeraSHAPE,#773248)by the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics(KSOP)。
文摘Early and efficient disease diagnosis with low-cost point-of-care devices is gaining importance for personalized medicine and public health protection.Within this context,waveguide-(WG)-based optical biosensors on the siliconnitride(Si_(3)N_(4))platform represent a particularly promising option,offering highly sensitive detection of indicative biomarkers in multiplexed sensor arrays operated by light in the visible-wavelength range.However,while passive Si_(3)N_(4)-based photonic circuits lend themselves to highly scalable mass production,the integration of low-cost light sources remains a challenge.In this paper,we demonstrate optical biosensors that combine Si_(3)N_(4)sensor circuits with hybrid on-chip organic lasers.These Si_(3)N_(4)-organic hybrid(SiNOH)lasers rely on a dye-doped cladding material that are deposited on top of a passive WG and that are optically pumped by an external light source.Fabrication of the devices is simple:The underlying Si_(3)N_(4)WGs are structured in a single lithography step,and the organic gain medium is subsequently applied by dispensing,spin-coating,or ink-jet printing processes.A highly parallel read-out of the optical sensor signals is accomplished with a simple camera.In our proof-of-concept experiment,we demonstrate the viability of the approach by detecting different concentrations of fibrinogen in phosphate-buffered saline solutions with a sensor-length(L-)-related sensitivity of S/L=0.16 rad nM^(-1)mm^(-1).To our knowledge,this is the first demonstration of an integrated optical circuit driven by a co-integrated low-cost organic light source.We expect that the versatility of the device concept,the simple operation principle,and the compatibility with cost-efficient mass production will make the concept a highly attractive option for applications in biophotonics and point-of-care diagnostics.