Trade and the environment:An application of the WIOD database

The new WIOD database allows for improved empirical analysis on a wide range of important environmental research questions.In this paper we demonstrate the scientific power of the WIOD database and analyze very urgent policy questions on the impacts of international trade and structural change on the environment.We apply recent econometric approaches to show the impact of international trade on the environment via its different channels as for instance to increase welfare and potentially affect environmental regulation as well as countries'sector.This approach has become known as the econometric structural decomposition method.In addition to these guidelines by the literature,an econometric panel data approach is offered to shed some light on the impact of structural change and international trade on environmental pressure,where we especially address and solve several endogeneity issues that add further complexity to the analysis.

Energy transition toward carbon-neutrality in China:Pathways,implications and uncertainties

Achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060 requires a radical energy transition.To identify the possible transition pathways of China's energy system,this study presents a scenario-based assessment using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform(LEAP)model.China could peak the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions before 2030 with current policies,while carbon neutrality entails a reduction of 7.8 Gt CO_(2)in emissions in 2060 and requires an energy system overhaul.The assessment of the relationship between the energy transition and energy return on investment(EROI)reveals that energy transition may decrease the EROI,which would trigger increased energy investment,energy demand,and emissions.Uncertainty analysis further shows that the slow renewable energy integration policies and carbon capture and storage(CCS)penetration pace could hinder the emission mitigation,and the possible fossil fuel shortage calls for a much rapid proliferation of wind and solar power.Results suggest a continuation of the current preferential policies for renewables and further research and development on deployment of CCS.The results also indicate the need for backup capacities to enhance the energy security during the transition.