Many newly emerging and re-emerging viruses have neuroinvasive potential,underscoring viral encephalitis as a global research priority.Upon entry of the virus into the CNS,severe neurological life-threatening conditio...Many newly emerging and re-emerging viruses have neuroinvasive potential,underscoring viral encephalitis as a global research priority.Upon entry of the virus into the CNS,severe neurological life-threatening conditions may manifest that are associated with high morbidity and mortality.The currently available therapeutic arsenal against viral encephalitis is rather limited,emphasizing the need to better understand the conditions of local antiviral immunity within the infected CNS.In this review,we discuss new insights into the pathophysiology of viral encephalitis,with a focus on myeloid cells and CD8^(+)T cells,which critically contribute to protection against viral CNS infection.By illuminating the prerequisites of myeloid and T cell activation,discussing new discoveries regarding their transcriptional signatures,and dissecting the mechanisms of their recruitment to sites of viral replication within the CNS,we aim to further delineate the complexity of antiviral responses within the infected CNS.Moreover,we summarize the current knowledge in the field of virus infection and neurodegeneration and discuss the potential links of some neurotropic viruses with certain pathological hallmarks observed in neurodegeneration.展开更多
基金supported by funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFGGerman Research Foundation)—398066876/GRK 2485/1 to UK,the DFG under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2155“RESIST”—Project ID 39087428 to UKby the Helmholtz Association(Zukunftsthema“Immunology&Inflammation”(ZT-0027))to UK.Figures were created using Biorender.com.We thank Elisabeth Janecek-Erfurth for her help with the submission of the manuscript.
文摘Many newly emerging and re-emerging viruses have neuroinvasive potential,underscoring viral encephalitis as a global research priority.Upon entry of the virus into the CNS,severe neurological life-threatening conditions may manifest that are associated with high morbidity and mortality.The currently available therapeutic arsenal against viral encephalitis is rather limited,emphasizing the need to better understand the conditions of local antiviral immunity within the infected CNS.In this review,we discuss new insights into the pathophysiology of viral encephalitis,with a focus on myeloid cells and CD8^(+)T cells,which critically contribute to protection against viral CNS infection.By illuminating the prerequisites of myeloid and T cell activation,discussing new discoveries regarding their transcriptional signatures,and dissecting the mechanisms of their recruitment to sites of viral replication within the CNS,we aim to further delineate the complexity of antiviral responses within the infected CNS.Moreover,we summarize the current knowledge in the field of virus infection and neurodegeneration and discuss the potential links of some neurotropic viruses with certain pathological hallmarks observed in neurodegeneration.
