In the past two decades,pain perception in the human brain has been studied with EEG/MEG brain topography and PET/fMRI neuroimaging techniques.A host of cortical and subcortical loci can be activated by various nocice...In the past two decades,pain perception in the human brain has been studied with EEG/MEG brain topography and PET/fMRI neuroimaging techniques.A host of cortical and subcortical loci can be activated by various nociceptive conditions.The activation in pain perception can be induced by physical(electrical,thermal,mechanical),chemical(capsacin,ascoric acid),psychological(anxiety,stress,nocebo) means,and pathological(e.g.migraine,neuropathic) diseases.This article deals mainly on the activation,but not modulation,of human pain in the brain.The brain areas identified are named pain representation,matrix,neuraxis,or signature.The sites are not uniformly isolated across various studies,but largely include a set of cores sites:thalamus and primary somatic area(SI),second somatic area(SII),insular cortex(IC),prefrontal cortex(PFC),cingulate,and parietal cortices.Other areas less reported and considered important in pain perception include brainstem,hippocampus,amygdala and supplementary motor area(SMA).The issues of pain perception basically encompass both the site and the mode of brain function.Although the site issue is delineared to a large degree,the mode issue has been much less explored.From the temporal dynamics,IC can be considered as the initial stage in genesis of pain perception as conscious suffering,the unique aversion in the human brain.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the usefulness of quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG),flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) as indicators of general neurological status. Methods Com-p...Objective To evaluate the usefulness of quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG),flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) as indicators of general neurological status. Methods Com-parison was conducted on healthy controls (N=30) and patients with brain concussion (N=60) within 24 h after traumatic brain injury. Follow-up study of patient group was completed with the same standard paradigm 3 months later. All participants were recorded in multi-modality related potential testing in both early and late concussion at the same clinical setting. Glasgow coma scale,CT scanning,and physical examinations of neuro-psychological function,optic and auditory nervous system were performed before electroencephalogram (EEG) and evoked potential (EEG–EP) testing. Any partici-pants showed abnormal changes of clinical examinations were excluded from the study. Average power of frequency spectrum and power ratios were selected for QEEG testing,and latency and amplitude of F-VEP and ABR were recorded. Results Between patients and normal controls,the results indicated: (1) Highly significance (P < 0.01) in average power of α1 and power ratios of θ/α1,θ/α2,α1/α2 of EEG recording; (2) N70-P100 amplitude of F-VEP in significant difference at early brain concussion; and (3) apparent prolongation of I^III inter-peak latency of ABR appeared in some individuals at early stage after concussion. The follow-up study showed that some patients with concussion were also afflicted with characteristic changes of EEG components for both increments of α1 average power and θ/α2 power ratio after 3 months recording. Conclusion EEG testing has been shown to be more effective and sensitive than evoked potential tests alone on detecting functional state of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Increments of α1 average power and θ/ α2 power ratio are the sensitive EEG parameters to determining early concussion and evaluating outcome of post-concussion symptoms (PCS). Follow-up study associated with persistent PCS may be consistent with the postulate of substantial biological,rather than psychological origin. The study suggests that combination of EEG and EP parameters can contribute to the evaluation of brain function as a whole for clinical and forensic applications.展开更多
Introduction The study of pain has progressed steadily after the publication of the seminal volume 'The Management of Pain' by the late Prof. John J. Bonica nearly 50 years ago (Bonica, 1953). Since this past ...Introduction The study of pain has progressed steadily after the publication of the seminal volume 'The Management of Pain' by the late Prof. John J. Bonica nearly 50 years ago (Bonica, 1953). Since this past decade of 1990s, we have been witnessing an explosion of new research within the basic science of nociception and pain in the human brain. This new landmark of brain mapping and neuroirnaging in the study of the human brain展开更多
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30770691)Beijing Municipal Government for Advancement of Sciences and Capital Medical University for Innovation Awards
文摘In the past two decades,pain perception in the human brain has been studied with EEG/MEG brain topography and PET/fMRI neuroimaging techniques.A host of cortical and subcortical loci can be activated by various nociceptive conditions.The activation in pain perception can be induced by physical(electrical,thermal,mechanical),chemical(capsacin,ascoric acid),psychological(anxiety,stress,nocebo) means,and pathological(e.g.migraine,neuropathic) diseases.This article deals mainly on the activation,but not modulation,of human pain in the brain.The brain areas identified are named pain representation,matrix,neuraxis,or signature.The sites are not uniformly isolated across various studies,but largely include a set of cores sites:thalamus and primary somatic area(SI),second somatic area(SII),insular cortex(IC),prefrontal cortex(PFC),cingulate,and parietal cortices.Other areas less reported and considered important in pain perception include brainstem,hippocampus,amygdala and supplementary motor area(SMA).The issues of pain perception basically encompass both the site and the mode of brain function.Although the site issue is delineared to a large degree,the mode issue has been much less explored.From the temporal dynamics,IC can be considered as the initial stage in genesis of pain perception as conscious suffering,the unique aversion in the human brain.
基金This work was supported in part by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30571909） China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 32134006） Foundation of Soozhow University （No. Q4134405）.
文摘Objective To evaluate the usefulness of quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG),flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) as indicators of general neurological status. Methods Com-parison was conducted on healthy controls (N=30) and patients with brain concussion (N=60) within 24 h after traumatic brain injury. Follow-up study of patient group was completed with the same standard paradigm 3 months later. All participants were recorded in multi-modality related potential testing in both early and late concussion at the same clinical setting. Glasgow coma scale,CT scanning,and physical examinations of neuro-psychological function,optic and auditory nervous system were performed before electroencephalogram (EEG) and evoked potential (EEG–EP) testing. Any partici-pants showed abnormal changes of clinical examinations were excluded from the study. Average power of frequency spectrum and power ratios were selected for QEEG testing,and latency and amplitude of F-VEP and ABR were recorded. Results Between patients and normal controls,the results indicated: (1) Highly significance (P < 0.01) in average power of α1 and power ratios of θ/α1,θ/α2,α1/α2 of EEG recording; (2) N70-P100 amplitude of F-VEP in significant difference at early brain concussion; and (3) apparent prolongation of I^III inter-peak latency of ABR appeared in some individuals at early stage after concussion. The follow-up study showed that some patients with concussion were also afflicted with characteristic changes of EEG components for both increments of α1 average power and θ/α2 power ratio after 3 months recording. Conclusion EEG testing has been shown to be more effective and sensitive than evoked potential tests alone on detecting functional state of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Increments of α1 average power and θ/ α2 power ratio are the sensitive EEG parameters to determining early concussion and evaluating outcome of post-concussion symptoms (PCS). Follow-up study associated with persistent PCS may be consistent with the postulate of substantial biological,rather than psychological origin. The study suggests that combination of EEG and EP parameters can contribute to the evaluation of brain function as a whole for clinical and forensic applications.
文摘Introduction The study of pain has progressed steadily after the publication of the seminal volume 'The Management of Pain' by the late Prof. John J. Bonica nearly 50 years ago (Bonica, 1953). Since this past decade of 1990s, we have been witnessing an explosion of new research within the basic science of nociception and pain in the human brain. This new landmark of brain mapping and neuroirnaging in the study of the human brain
