The photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the developme...The photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the development and optimization of(photo)electrodes and photoelectrolyzers. This review focuses on the fabrication processes, structure, and characterization of(photo)electrodes, covering a wide range of fabrication techniques, from rudimentary to automated fabrication processes. The work also highlights the most relevant features of(photo)electrodes, with special emphasis on how to measure and optimize them. Finally, the review analyses the integration of(photo)electrodes in different photoelectrolyzer architectures, analyzing the most recent research work that comprises photocathode, photoanode,photocathode-photoanode, and tandem photoelectrolyzer configurations to ideally achieve self-sustained CO_(2) conversion systems. Overall, comprehensive guidelines are provided for future advancements in developing effective devices for CO_(2) conversion, bridging the gap towards the use of sunlight as the unique energy input and practical applications.展开更多
The primary energy panorama in the European Union is still dominated by a significant share of fossil fuels in the form of coal,natural gas and oil.As a result,an ecological transition is encouraged in order to curb t...The primary energy panorama in the European Union is still dominated by a significant share of fossil fuels in the form of coal,natural gas and oil.As a result,an ecological transition is encouraged in order to curb the related CO_(2)emissions from fossil fuels thus providing an alignment with the Paris Agreement.In the light of a renewable dominated future in the EU,Power-to-Gas technologies can play a major role not only to curb the current CO_(2)emissions but add extra flexibility to the power network.Great challenges remain ahead,due to the difficulties to couple all the elements needed in such a complex value chain,from technical to financial.展开更多
基金the financial support received from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through the projects PID2020-112845RB-I00, PID2019-104050RA-100, TED2021129810B-C21, and PLEC2022-009398 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110 0011033 and Unión Europea Next Generation EU/PRTR)received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101118265the predoctoral research grant (FPI) PRE2021-097200。
文摘The photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the development and optimization of(photo)electrodes and photoelectrolyzers. This review focuses on the fabrication processes, structure, and characterization of(photo)electrodes, covering a wide range of fabrication techniques, from rudimentary to automated fabrication processes. The work also highlights the most relevant features of(photo)electrodes, with special emphasis on how to measure and optimize them. Finally, the review analyses the integration of(photo)electrodes in different photoelectrolyzer architectures, analyzing the most recent research work that comprises photocathode, photoanode,photocathode-photoanode, and tandem photoelectrolyzer configurations to ideally achieve self-sustained CO_(2) conversion systems. Overall, comprehensive guidelines are provided for future advancements in developing effective devices for CO_(2) conversion, bridging the gap towards the use of sunlight as the unique energy input and practical applications.
基金Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(MINECO)for the financial support through the project CTQ2016-76231-C2-1-R.
文摘The primary energy panorama in the European Union is still dominated by a significant share of fossil fuels in the form of coal,natural gas and oil.As a result,an ecological transition is encouraged in order to curb the related CO_(2)emissions from fossil fuels thus providing an alignment with the Paris Agreement.In the light of a renewable dominated future in the EU,Power-to-Gas technologies can play a major role not only to curb the current CO_(2)emissions but add extra flexibility to the power network.Great challenges remain ahead,due to the difficulties to couple all the elements needed in such a complex value chain,from technical to financial.
