Security protocols play more and more important roles with wide use in many applications nowadays. Cur- rently, there are many tools for specifying and verifying secu- rity protocols such as Casper/FDR, ProVerif, or A...Security protocols play more and more important roles with wide use in many applications nowadays. Cur- rently, there are many tools for specifying and verifying secu- rity protocols such as Casper/FDR, ProVerif, or AVISPA. In these tools, the intruder＇s ability, which either needs to be specified explicitly or set by default, is not flexible in some circumstances. Moreover, whereas most of the existing tools focus on secrecy and authentication properties, few supports privacy properties like anonymity, receipt freeness, and coer- cion resistance, which are crucial in many applications such as in electronic voting systems or anonymous online transac- tions. In this paper, we introduce a framework for specifying security protocols in the labeled transition system （LTS） se- mantics model, which embeds the knowledge of the par- ticipants and parameterizes the ability of an attacker. Us- ing this model, we give the formal definitions for three types of privacy properties based on trace equivalence and knowledge reasoning. The formal definitions for some other security properties, such as secrecy and authentica- tion, are introduced under this framework, and the veri- fication algorithms are also given. The results of this pa- per are embodied in the implementation of a SeVe mod- ule in a process analysis toolkit （PAT） model checker, which supports specifying, simulating, and verifying se- curity protocols. The experimental results show that a SeVe module is capable of verifying many types of secu- rity protocols and complements the state-of-the-art securityverifiers in several aspects. Moreover, it also proves the abil- ity in building an automatic verifier for security protocols re- lated to privacy type, which are mostly verified by hand now.展开更多
The demand of higher energy density and higher power capacity of lithium（Li）-ion secondary batteries has led to the search for electrode materials whose capacities and performance are better than those available tod...The demand of higher energy density and higher power capacity of lithium（Li）-ion secondary batteries has led to the search for electrode materials whose capacities and performance are better than those available today. Carbon nanotubes（CNTs）, with their unique properties such as 1D tubular structure, high electrical and thermal conductivities, and extremely large surface area, have been used as materials to prepare cathodes for Li-ion batteries. The structure and morphology of CNTs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The functional groups on the purified CNT surface such as –COOH, –OH were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrode materials were fabricated from LiMn2O4（LMO）, doped spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and purified CNTs via solid-state reaction. The structure and morphology of the electrode were characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM. Finally, the efficiency of the electrode materials using CNTs was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.展开更多
文摘Security protocols play more and more important roles with wide use in many applications nowadays. Cur- rently, there are many tools for specifying and verifying secu- rity protocols such as Casper/FDR, ProVerif, or AVISPA. In these tools, the intruder＇s ability, which either needs to be specified explicitly or set by default, is not flexible in some circumstances. Moreover, whereas most of the existing tools focus on secrecy and authentication properties, few supports privacy properties like anonymity, receipt freeness, and coer- cion resistance, which are crucial in many applications such as in electronic voting systems or anonymous online transac- tions. In this paper, we introduce a framework for specifying security protocols in the labeled transition system （LTS） se- mantics model, which embeds the knowledge of the par- ticipants and parameterizes the ability of an attacker. Us- ing this model, we give the formal definitions for three types of privacy properties based on trace equivalence and knowledge reasoning. The formal definitions for some other security properties, such as secrecy and authentica- tion, are introduced under this framework, and the veri- fication algorithms are also given. The results of this pa- per are embodied in the implementation of a SeVe mod- ule in a process analysis toolkit （PAT） model checker, which supports specifying, simulating, and verifying se- curity protocols. The experimental results show that a SeVe module is capable of verifying many types of secu- rity protocols and complements the state-of-the-art securityverifiers in several aspects. Moreover, it also proves the abil- ity in building an automatic verifier for security protocols re- lated to privacy type, which are mostly verified by hand now.
基金supported by a Grant Research of Vietnam National University,Ho Chi Minh City(No.B2012-20-10TD)
文摘The demand of higher energy density and higher power capacity of lithium（Li）-ion secondary batteries has led to the search for electrode materials whose capacities and performance are better than those available today. Carbon nanotubes（CNTs）, with their unique properties such as 1D tubular structure, high electrical and thermal conductivities, and extremely large surface area, have been used as materials to prepare cathodes for Li-ion batteries. The structure and morphology of CNTs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The functional groups on the purified CNT surface such as –COOH, –OH were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrode materials were fabricated from LiMn2O4（LMO）, doped spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and purified CNTs via solid-state reaction. The structure and morphology of the electrode were characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM. Finally, the efficiency of the electrode materials using CNTs was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
