Studies on sustainable features of vernacular architecture in different regions across the world:A comprehensive synthesis and evaluation

Due to the increasing pressure brought by recent global environmental problems,building designers are embracing regionalism and the knowledge of traditional structures,arguing that these structures are energy efficient and highly sustainable.We observe clear evidence of the increasing interest in vernacular architecture among the research community.This study therefore aims to clarify the contents and issues raised in the studies on vernacular architecture and the knowledge and recommendations that can be derived from them.A database of the research is established by collecting many studies from primary sources.Obtained data is carefully refined and categorized into a table where synthesized information is introduced.The results of this study show an uneven geographic and climatic distribution of the studies;the trend in selecting research objectives and research objects;the choice of research methods with a clear shift towards quantitative research methods,and the generic findings from the database of the research.These results can support diverse inquiries about vernacular architecture across the world and be used as a resource or an orientation to support numerous subsequent studies.

A Neural-network-based Approach to Study the Energy-optimal Hovering Wing Kinematics of a Bionic Hawkmoth Model

This paper presents the application of an artificial neural network to develop an approach to determine and study the energy-optimal wing kinematics of a hovering bionic hawkmoth model.A three-layered artificial neural network is used for the rapid prediction of the unsteady aerodynamic force acting on the wings and the required power.When this artificial network is integrated into genetic and simplex algorithms,the running time of the optimization process is reduced considerably.The validity of this new approach is confirmed in a comparison with a conventional method using an aerodynamic model based on an extended unsteady vortex-lattice method for a sinu soidal wing kinematics problem.When studying the obtained results,it is found that actual hawkmoths do not hover under an energy-optimal condition.Instead,by tilting the stroke plane and lowering the wing positions,they can compromise and expend some energy to enhance their maneuverability and the stability of their flight.

Study of vertically ascending flight of a hawkmoth model

This paper provides insight into the wing kinematics,the power requirement and the dynamic stability characteristics of a hawkmoth model in vertically ascending flight.The wing kinematics of the hawkmoth model is obtained based on the minimum required power assumption.The optimization process is conducted using genetic and simplex algorithms that are coupled with an artificial neural network to rapidly predict the aerodynamic force and required power.The training data for the neural network are generated from an unsteady vortex-lattice method.Compared to hover,the results in this study show the larger flapping frequency and the smaller rotation amplitude of the hawkmoth wing kinematics in ascending flight.Additionally,more power is required when the ascending speed increases.While conducting a dynamic modal analysis based on a cycle-average approach,the certain effect of the ascending speed on the modal structures of the hawkmoth model was observed.

Regularization of the Inverse Problem for Time Fractional Pseudo-parabolic Equation with Non-local in Time Conditions

This paper is devoted to identifying an unknown source for a time-fractional diffusion equation in a general bounded domain.First,we prove the problem is non-well posed and the stability of the source function.Second,by using the Modified Fractional Landweber method,we present regularization solutions and show the convergence rate between regularization solutions and sought solution are given under a priori and a posteriori choice rules of the regularization parameter,respectively.Finally,we present an illustrative numerical example to test the results of our theory.