Various Organic Nutrient Sources in Combinations with Inorganic Fertilizers Influence the Yield and Quality of Sweet Corn(Zea mays L.saccharata)in New Alluvial Soils of West Bengal,India

Nutrient management plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of sweet corn.A field experiment was conducted in consecutive two kharif seasons in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of various organic sources of nutrients in combination with inorganic sources on the yield and quality of sweet corn under new alluvial soils of West Bengal,India.Treatments were:T_(1):Control(without fertilizers);T_(2):100%recommended dose(RDF)of chemical fertilizers(CF)(RDF CF_(100%));T_(3):100%recommended dose of N(RDN)through vermicompost(VC)(RDN VC_(100%));T_(4):50 RDN through CF+50%RDN through VC(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN VC50%);T_(5):50%RDF through CF+50%RDN through organic source(OS)1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS_(150%));T6:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 2,Bioenzyme(liquid)(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS250%);T7:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 3,Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate[RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS350%];T8:50%RDN through VC+50%RDF through OS 1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN VC50%+RDN OS_(150%)).The OS of fertilizers were VC,SoliGro Gr(OS1)(Ascophyllum nodosum),Bioenzyme liquid(OS2),and Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate(OS3).The inorganic source was traditional CF applied at the RDF(150:75:75 kg ha^(−1) of N:P2O5:K2O).The VC was used to supply 100%RDN as one source or 50%RDN when combined with CF or OS.Maximum fruit yield(10.75 and 10.79 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)was recorded when RDF was substituted through CF only,being statistically at par with 50%CF+50%VC on a nitrogen equivalent basis(9.92 and 10.00 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)and 100%VC(8.22 and 8.32 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively).Compared to chemical sources of nutrients,VC-based treatments produced a larger percentage of large-size cob(>25 cm).The 100%VC increased antioxidant(8.35 and 8.45 mg g^(−1)),carotenoid(0.59 and 0.61 mg/100 g),and phenol(55.06 and 55.02 mg 100 g^(−1))content compared with its 50%dose in combination with other sources.The study revealed the potentiality of organic sources towards achieving improved cob quality of sweet corn.

25-原子金纳米球和纳米棒催化性能的比较(英文)

The catalytic properties of two nanocluster catalysts with atomically precisely known structures,icosahedral two-shelled Au25(SC2H4Ph) 18 nanospheres and biicosahedral Au25(PPh3) 10(SC2H4Ph) 5Cl2 nanorods,were compared. Their catalytic performance in the two reactions of the selective oxidation of styrene and chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated benzalacetone was investigated. The catalytic activities of icosahedral Au25(SC2H4Ph) 18 nanospheres were superior to those of the bi-icosahedral Au25(PPh3) 10(SC2H4Ph) 5Cl2 nanorods for both reactions. The better catalytic performance of the Au25(SC2H4Ph) 18 nanospheres can be attributed to their unique core-shell(Au13/Au12) geometric structure that has an open exterior atomic shell and to their electronic structure with an electron-rich Au13 core and an electron-deficient Au12 shell.

Soil Clay Mineralogical Phase Analysis of Ganges Floodplain Soils by XRD and XRF

Soil minerals study is vital in terms of investigating the major soil forming compounds and to find out the fate of minor and trace elements in soils. It is also essential for the soil-plant interaction purpose. To identify soil mineral phases especially clay minerals, X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been a popular technique. The clay mineralogical information of soils in Bangladesh is limited, especially in Ganges flood plain region (Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) 12 and 13). Therefore, to overcome this limitation, in this study, we performed XRD analysis of <2 mm fractions soil samples of AEX 12 and 13. However, identifying mineralogical phases by XRD in <2 mm fractions soils is not so straight-forward due to many practical problems. We fully matched only two mineralogical phases in all the soil samples which is quartz and potassium-Aluminum-Silicate. However, the full XRD peaks indicate that more minerals are also present, but due to heterogeneity of soils samples, it is difficult to find other minerals phases by only XRD peak of <2 mm fractions. Therefore, to find more information about mineralogical phases, we performed XRF analysis that provides the elemental composition of minerals phase as oxide. XRF analysis indicated the presence of secondary minerals like illite and chlorite. The presence of high percentage Fe oxide not only indicated the iron mineral phase (goethite and ferrihydrite) but also indicated iron rich high charge smectite minerals (beidellite). The presence of iron rich smectite minerals in the Ganges sediments reported in several previous studies. Thus, we concluded that only XRD in <2 mm fractions of soils is not adequate to identify the mineralogical phases of soil samples. Others analyses like XRF, XRD in <2 μm fractions will be necessary to locate an entire image of soil mineralogical phases.

Fabrication of plasmonic nanopyramidal array as flexible SERS substrate for biosensing application

The proposed work aims to develop a sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)nano-biosensor.The inverted nano pyramid array on silicon substrate fabricated using electron beam lithography(EBL)was utilised as a master template and the mold was later replicated via nanoimprinting process to prepare gold-coated polymer nanopyramid three-dimensional(3D)SERS substrate.The fast and versatile replication process using nanoimprinting lithography(NIL)can produce polymer nanopyramids in a low-cost and reproducible fashion.Also,the proposed fabrication protocol can be easily upscale for large scale fabrication.The intense electric field confinement at nanotips and four edges of gold-coated polymer nanopyramid enhanced the Raman signal of probe molecules,i.e.,Rhodamine 6G with a limit of detection down to 3.277×10−9 M was achieved.This work also underlines the efficiency of gold-coated polymer nanopyramid arrays in the spectral detection of hemoglobin proteins at low concentrations.The Raman signal enhancement mechanism was further studied through the electromagnetic simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics.In addition,bending test experiments were performed to understand the effect of flexibility on SERS signal response.The fabricated gold-coated polymer nanopyramids arrays could pave the way for the development of low-cost SERS platforms for the detection of hazardous biological and chemical compounds at ultra-low concentrations in practical applications.