Possible viral agents to consider in the differential diagnosis of blepharoconjunctivitis

BACKGROUND Blepharoconjunctivitis poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse etiology,including viral infections.Blepharoconjunctivits can be acute or chronic,selflimiting,or needing medical therapy.AIM To review possible viral agents crucial for accurate differential diagnosis in cases of blepharoconjunctivitis.METHODS The PubMed database was searched for records relating to viral blepharoconjunctivitis.The search string generated was“("virally"[All Fields]OR"virals"[All Fields]OR"virology"[MeSH Terms]OR"virology"[All Fields]OR"viral"[All Fields])AND"Blepharoconjunctivitis"[All Fields]".RESULTS A total of 24 publications were generated from the search string.Reference lists from each relevant article were also searched for more information and included in this review.Viral etiologies such as adenovirus,herpes simplex virus(HSV),varicella-zoster virus(VZV),and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)are frequently implicated.Adenoviral infections manifest with follicular conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy,often presenting as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.HSV and VZV infections can result in herpetic keratitis and may exhibit characteristic dendritic corneal ulcers.EBV,although less common,can cause unilateral or bilateral follicular conjunctivitis,particularly in immunocompromised individuals.Other potential viral agents,such as enteroviruses and molluscum contagiosum virus,should also be considered,especially in pediatric cases.CONCLUSION Prompt recognition of these viral etiologies is essential for appropriate management and prevention of complications.Thus,a thorough understanding of the clinical presentation,epidemiology,and diagnostic modalities is crucial for accurate identification and management of viral blepharoconjunctivitis.

International consensus on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)for colorectal cancer

In recent years,natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)in the treatment of colorectal cancer has attracted widespread attention.The potential benefits of NOSES including reduction in postoperative pain and wound complications,less use of postoperative analgesic,faster recovery of bowel function,shorter length of hospital stay,better cosmetic and psychological effect have been described in colorectal surgery.Despite significant decrease in surgical trauma of NOSES have been observed,the potential pitfalls of this technique have been demonstrated.Particularly,several issues including bacteriological concerns,oncological outcomes and patient selection are raised with this new technique.Therefore,it is urgent and necessary to reach a consensus as an industry guideline to standardize the implementation of NOSES in colorectal surgery.After three rounds of discussion by all members of the International Alliance of NOSES,the consensus is finally completed,which is also of great significance to the long-term progress of NOSES worldwide.

International consensus on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)for gastric cancer(2019)

At present,natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has attracted more and more attention worldwide,because of its great advantages including minimal cutaneous trauma and post-operative pain,fast post-operative recovery,short hospital stay,and positive psychological impact.However,NOSES for the treatment of gastric cancer(GC)is still in its infancy,and there is great potential to improve its theoretical system and clinical practice.Especially,several key points including oncological outcomes,bacteriological concerns,indication selection,and standardized surgical procedures are raised with this innovative technique.Therefore,it is necessary to achieve an international consensus to regulate the implementation of GC-NOSES,which is of great significance for healthy and orderly development of NOSES worldwide.

直肠脱垂及其伴发生殖器官脱垂的分类和新手术治疗

便秘是一种常见的疾病,但有关其定义和发病机制的认识尚不统一。由于肠道传输时间并不是一个常数,不同时间测的数值有很大差异,不应作为便秘诊断的参数,其时间延长经常因出口梗阻型便秘所致,而非便秘的初始原因。由于便秘病人需要通过增加腹内压和盆腔内压力,产生排便的刺激,导致道格拉斯窝加深、肠疝、直肠内套叠、膀胱膨出、子宫及阴道脱垂及会阴过度下降等功能性改变,继而出现解剖学改变。直肠内脱垂分为两种类型:直肠长度和结构正常的直肠脱垂;以及伴有直肠肌层延长等结构改变的直肠脱垂,通过经肛吻合器直肠切除术(STARR)切除直肠脱垂及直肠膨出,可以明显改善这些功能性和解剖性变化。