A comparative study to evaluate the effect of limited access dressing on diabetic ulcers

Aim:Emerging evidence favors the important role of antioxidants,matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and nitric oxide(NO)in the healing of diabetic wounds.There is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the effects of negative pressure on antioxidants,MMPs and NO in chronic wounds associated with diabetes.Methods:A total of 55 type 2 diabetic patients with leg ulcers were divided into 2 groups:a limited access dressing(LAD)group(n=27)and a conventional dressing group(n=28).Levels of hydroxyproline,total protein,MMP-2 and MMP-9,NO and antioxidants including reduced glutathione(GSH)and the oxidative biomarker malondialdehyde(MDA)were measured in the granulation tissue at days 0 and 10.Changes in levels between the LAD and conventional groups were determined by the Student’s t-test.Results:After 10 days of treatment,the LAD vs.conventional dressing group showed increase in the levels of hydroxyproline(mean±standard deviation=55.2±25.1 vs.29.2±1,P<0.05),total protein(12.8±6.5 vs.8.34±3.2,P<0.05),NO(1.13±0.52 vs.0.66±0.43,P<0.05),GSH(7.0±2.4 vs.6.6±2.2,P<0.05)and decrease in MMP-2(0.47±0.33 vs.0.62±0.30,P<0.05),MMP-9(0.32±0.20 vs.0.53±0.39,P<0.05)and MDA(6.8±2.3 vs.10.4±3.4,P<0.05).Conclusion:When compared to conventional dressings,LAD induces biochemical changes by significantly increasing the levels of hydroxyproline,total protein,NO and antioxidants levels,and significantly reducing MMPs(MMP-2 and MMP-9)and an oxidative biomarker in diabetic wounds.These biochemical changes are thought to favor diabetic wound healing.

Morphometry of subcutaneous fat lobules of the abdomen and its implication in obesity

Aim:The subcutaneous fat in the lower abdomen(LA)is more resistant to resorption as compared to the upper abdomen(UA).Males and females have variability in fat deposition and resorption in the abdominal region.Hence,there could be a difference in morphology of fat cells of these regions.The present study aims to identify the differences in morphology of subcutaneous fat lobules of upper and LA.Methods:Subcutaneous fat samples were collected from upper and LA of 40 cadavers(33 males and 7 females).The shape,the arrangement,and the color of superficial and deep subcutaneous fat lobules were observed.The height and width were recorded for larger fat lobules.Results:There was a difference in the color,shape,size,and arrangement of the fat lobules between the two locations.Height(P=0.042)and width(P=0.008)of deep subcutaneous fat of LA were significantly larger than the UA in males while the height of superficial fat(P=0.016)was significantly larger in LA than the UA in females.Height of the deep fat of UA(P=0.018)and width of deep fat of the LA(P=0.020)were significantly larger in females as compared to males.Conclusion:There was a significant difference in the morphology of the superficial and deep subcutaneous fat based on location and gender of the patient.