The Direction of Slant and Horizontal Stroke as Potential Suggestive Markers for the Determination of Handedness

Background:The task of document examiners is very challenging,as they need to gather all the relevant facts to make an informed decision regarding the questioned document.In the present study,a total of 300 handwriting samples from 100 different writers(involving 50 right-handed and 50 left-handed)were collected at Bundelkhand University,Jhansi.Slant and stroke,as characteristic features of handwriting,were visually examined under a stereomicroscope to ascertain the handedness.Methods:Slants and Strokes as characteristic features were analyzed in a total of 300 handwriting samples collected from 50 left-handed and 50 right-handed writers of age 17–22 years.A reference text comprising three pangram sentences printed on A4 paper and a blue ball point pen was used for sampling.Results:The data collected during the study were analyzed using a statistical method(Chi-square test)and revealed that the left-handed writers(LHWs)had a significantly(P<0.05)different writing style than the right-handed ones.Results indicated that LHWs are more likely to make strokes in the right-to-left direction and slant of letters in the backward direction,while right-handed writers make strokes in the left-to-right direction and slant of letters in the forward direction.Conclusions:The findings of the study showed valuable insight and highlighted the significance of the direction of slant and horizontal stroke as potential indicators for the determination of handedness.

Optimization of Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation in Day-ahead Electricity Market Incorporating Irradiance Uncertainty

This paper proposes a simple and practical approach to model the uncertainty of solar irradiance and determines the optimized day-ahead(DA)schedule of electricity mar-ket.The problem formulation incorporates the power output of distributed solar photovoltaic generator(DSPVG)and forecasted load demands with a specified level of certainty.The proposed approach determines the certainty levels of the random variables(solar irradiance and forecasted load demand)from their probability density function curves.In this process of optimization,the energy storage system(ESS)has also been mod-eled based on the fact that the energy stored during low locational marginal price(LMP)periods and dispatched during high LMP periods would strengthen the economy of DA schedule.The objective of the formulated non-linear optimization problem is to maximize the social welfare of market participants,which incorporates the assured generation outputs of DSPVG,subject to real and reactive power balance and transmission capability constraints of the system and charging/dis-charging and energy storage constraints of ESS.The simulation has been performed on the Indian utility 62-bus system.The results are presented with a large number of cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the efficient,economic and reliable operation of DA electricity markets.