二氧化碳(CO_(2))是一种主要的温室气体,对全球气候变化和生态环境造成了很大影响.同时,CO_(2)也是一种无毒、廉价、丰富的C_(1)资源,可用于合成用作燃料和药物的各种有机化合物.因此,模拟植物光合作用对CO_(2)进行固定成为了众多科研...二氧化碳(CO_(2))是一种主要的温室气体,对全球气候变化和生态环境造成了很大影响.同时,CO_(2)也是一种无毒、廉价、丰富的C_(1)资源,可用于合成用作燃料和药物的各种有机化合物.因此,模拟植物光合作用对CO_(2)进行固定成为了众多科研工作者的研究热点.电化学羧化是将CO_(2)固定在有机分子上的一种有效方法,并且已被证明可以通过构建新的C–C键,使CO_(2)与各种底物(包括酮、二烯和类卤化物等)发生电羧化反应,形成羧酸化合物.然而,由于CO_(2)分子本身的热力学和动力学惰性,使得CO_(2)分子的活化颇具挑战性,难以实现高效转化.目前,许多研究致力于开发各种用于CO_(2)转化的反应模型和催化剂.例如,结合单个CO_(2)分子形成不同羧酸的单羧基化反应.酮类化合物与CO_(2)的电羧化反应是实现CO_(2)固定并合成羧酸的一种有效途径,得到的羧酸产物可作为许多生物活性化合物的来源.然而,在CO_(2)和芳香酮的电羧化反应中,由于二者的活化具有较大的过电位差异,会严重阻碍电羧化反应的效率并导致产物收率较低.研究表明可以通过同时激活CO_(2)分子和有机底物以促进目标羧化产物的形成.该策略为改善CO_(2)和芳族酮之间的电羧化反应效率提供了思路.本文合成了一种Ag掺杂的CeO_(2)纳米线(Ag-CeO_(2)NWs)作为催化苯乙酮和CO_(2)进行电羧化反应的催化剂.该催化剂能够起到同时活化CO_(2)和苯乙酮分子的作用,实现双重活化的目的.在双重活化策略下,苯乙酮与CO_(2)的电羧化反应可以通过将CO_(2)活化为CO_(2)^(•−),然后通过自由基的形式加成到苯乙酮的双键上;或者,苯乙酮分子被活化成苯乙酮自由基阴离子,苯乙酮自由基阴离子通过亲核反应与CO_(2)偶联,最终形成羧酸产物.与银箔、银纳米颗粒和CeO_(2)纳米线相比,Ag-CeO_(2)纳米线催化剂可以有效降低CO_(2)和苯乙酮分子活化之间的起始电位差,从而能够有效地电羧化形成2-苯乳酸.在-1.8 V vs.Ag/AgI电位下,生成2-苯乳酸的法拉第效率高达91%,收率为83.2%.综上,本文同时激活CO_(2)和有机底物分子的双重活化策略有利于指导催化剂的设计,从而提高CO_(2)固定效率,进而提高电羧化反应的活性和选择性.展开更多
The capability of electrocatalytic reducti on of carbon dioxide(CO2)using nitrogen(N)-doped carb on strongly depe nds on the N-dopi ng level and their types.In this work,we developed a strategy to generate mesoporous ...The capability of electrocatalytic reducti on of carbon dioxide(CO2)using nitrogen(N)-doped carb on strongly depe nds on the N-dopi ng level and their types.In this work,we developed a strategy to generate mesoporous N-doped carb on frameworks with tun able configurati ons and contents of N dopants,by using a secondary doping process via the treatment of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)solvent.The obtained mesoporous N-doped carbon(denoted as MNC-D)served as an efficient electrocatalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to CO.A high Faradaic efficiency of^92%and a partial current density for CO of-6.8 mA·cm^-2 were achieved at a potential of-0.58 V vs.RHE.Electrochemical analyses further revealed that the active sites within the N-doped carb on catalysts were the pyridinic N and defects gen erated by the DMF treatme nt,which enhan ced the activati on and adsorpti on CO2 molecules.Our study suggests a new approach to develop efficie nt carb on-based catalysts for potential scalable CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR)to fuels and chemicals.展开更多
A series of Eu^2+,Tb^3+-codoped Sr3 Y(PO4)3(SYP) green phosphors were synthesized by hightemperature solid-state reaction. Several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrum,and photoluminescence spe...A series of Eu^2+,Tb^3+-codoped Sr3 Y(PO4)3(SYP) green phosphors were synthesized by hightemperature solid-state reaction. Several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrum,and photoluminescence spectrum, were used to investigate the obtained phosphors. The present study investigates in detail photoluminescence excitation and emission properties, energy transfer between the two dopants, and effects of doping ions on optical band gap. SYP:0.05 Eu2+ phosphor shows an intense and broad excitation band ranging from 220 to 400 nm and exhibits a bright green emission band with CIE chromaticity coordinates(0.189, 0.359) under 350 nm excitation. Green emission of SYP:0.03 Tb3+ is intensified by codoping with Eu^2+, and energy transfer mechanism between them is demonstrated to be a dipole-dipole interaction. Upon 350 nm excitation, SYP:Eu^2+,Tb^3+ phosphors exhibits two dominating bands peaking at 466 and 545 nm, which are assigned to 4 f^65 d^1→4 f^7 transition of Eu^2+ ions and ~5 D4→~7 F5 transition of Tb^3+ ions, respectively. Optimal doping concentrations of Eu^2+ and Tb^3+ in the SYP host are 5 mol% and 15 mol%, respectively. Results indicate that SYP:Eu^2+,Tb^3+ phosphors are potentially used as green-emitting phosphors for white light-emitting diodes.展开更多
文摘二氧化碳(CO_(2))是一种主要的温室气体,对全球气候变化和生态环境造成了很大影响.同时,CO_(2)也是一种无毒、廉价、丰富的C_(1)资源,可用于合成用作燃料和药物的各种有机化合物.因此,模拟植物光合作用对CO_(2)进行固定成为了众多科研工作者的研究热点.电化学羧化是将CO_(2)固定在有机分子上的一种有效方法,并且已被证明可以通过构建新的C–C键,使CO_(2)与各种底物(包括酮、二烯和类卤化物等)发生电羧化反应,形成羧酸化合物.然而,由于CO_(2)分子本身的热力学和动力学惰性,使得CO_(2)分子的活化颇具挑战性,难以实现高效转化.目前,许多研究致力于开发各种用于CO_(2)转化的反应模型和催化剂.例如,结合单个CO_(2)分子形成不同羧酸的单羧基化反应.酮类化合物与CO_(2)的电羧化反应是实现CO_(2)固定并合成羧酸的一种有效途径,得到的羧酸产物可作为许多生物活性化合物的来源.然而,在CO_(2)和芳香酮的电羧化反应中,由于二者的活化具有较大的过电位差异,会严重阻碍电羧化反应的效率并导致产物收率较低.研究表明可以通过同时激活CO_(2)分子和有机底物以促进目标羧化产物的形成.该策略为改善CO_(2)和芳族酮之间的电羧化反应效率提供了思路.本文合成了一种Ag掺杂的CeO_(2)纳米线(Ag-CeO_(2)NWs)作为催化苯乙酮和CO_(2)进行电羧化反应的催化剂.该催化剂能够起到同时活化CO_(2)和苯乙酮分子的作用,实现双重活化的目的.在双重活化策略下,苯乙酮与CO_(2)的电羧化反应可以通过将CO_(2)活化为CO_(2)^(•−),然后通过自由基的形式加成到苯乙酮的双键上;或者,苯乙酮分子被活化成苯乙酮自由基阴离子,苯乙酮自由基阴离子通过亲核反应与CO_(2)偶联,最终形成羧酸产物.与银箔、银纳米颗粒和CeO_(2)纳米线相比,Ag-CeO_(2)纳米线催化剂可以有效降低CO_(2)和苯乙酮分子活化之间的起始电位差,从而能够有效地电羧化形成2-苯乳酸.在-1.8 V vs.Ag/AgI电位下,生成2-苯乳酸的法拉第效率高达91%,收率为83.2%.综上,本文同时激活CO_(2)和有机底物分子的双重活化策略有利于指导催化剂的设计,从而提高CO_(2)固定效率,进而提高电羧化反应的活性和选择性.
基金We thank the following funding agencies for supporting this work:the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0206901 and 2018YFA0209401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773036)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.17JC1402000 and 19XD1420400)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-07-E00045).
文摘The capability of electrocatalytic reducti on of carbon dioxide(CO2)using nitrogen(N)-doped carb on strongly depe nds on the N-dopi ng level and their types.In this work,we developed a strategy to generate mesoporous N-doped carb on frameworks with tun able configurati ons and contents of N dopants,by using a secondary doping process via the treatment of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)solvent.The obtained mesoporous N-doped carbon(denoted as MNC-D)served as an efficient electrocatalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to CO.A high Faradaic efficiency of^92%and a partial current density for CO of-6.8 mA·cm^-2 were achieved at a potential of-0.58 V vs.RHE.Electrochemical analyses further revealed that the active sites within the N-doped carb on catalysts were the pyridinic N and defects gen erated by the DMF treatme nt,which enhan ced the activati on and adsorpti on CO2 molecules.Our study suggests a new approach to develop efficie nt carb on-based catalysts for potential scalable CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR)to fuels and chemicals.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61664002)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2016GXNSFDA380036)
文摘A series of Eu^2+,Tb^3+-codoped Sr3 Y(PO4)3(SYP) green phosphors were synthesized by hightemperature solid-state reaction. Several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrum,and photoluminescence spectrum, were used to investigate the obtained phosphors. The present study investigates in detail photoluminescence excitation and emission properties, energy transfer between the two dopants, and effects of doping ions on optical band gap. SYP:0.05 Eu2+ phosphor shows an intense and broad excitation band ranging from 220 to 400 nm and exhibits a bright green emission band with CIE chromaticity coordinates(0.189, 0.359) under 350 nm excitation. Green emission of SYP:0.03 Tb3+ is intensified by codoping with Eu^2+, and energy transfer mechanism between them is demonstrated to be a dipole-dipole interaction. Upon 350 nm excitation, SYP:Eu^2+,Tb^3+ phosphors exhibits two dominating bands peaking at 466 and 545 nm, which are assigned to 4 f^65 d^1→4 f^7 transition of Eu^2+ ions and ~5 D4→~7 F5 transition of Tb^3+ ions, respectively. Optimal doping concentrations of Eu^2+ and Tb^3+ in the SYP host are 5 mol% and 15 mol%, respectively. Results indicate that SYP:Eu^2+,Tb^3+ phosphors are potentially used as green-emitting phosphors for white light-emitting diodes.