Lithium metal anode(LMA)is the ultimate"Holy Grail"electrode for next generation high-energy-density batteries.Nevertheless,its instinct high reactivity is a formidable challenge and has intensified side rea...Lithium metal anode(LMA)is the ultimate"Holy Grail"electrode for next generation high-energy-density batteries.Nevertheless,its instinct high reactivity is a formidable challenge and has intensified side reactions,destabilized the electrode/electrolyte interface and restricted the operating conditions strictly,thus hampering its practical application.Here,we"make up"the Li metal(M-Li)by constructing vaselinecoated layer by a simple dip-coating or casting method.With the chemically stable and hydrophobic vaseline protective layer,the stability of Li towards humid and corrosive atmosphere has been greatly improved.The M-Li guaranteed stable and prolonged cycling life after the anode suffering from corrosion in moist air(relative humidity-65%)or corrosive electrolyte(with 10,000 ppm H2O or S)both in symmetric cells and LiFePO4 full cells.This work illustrates a convenient,economic,and industrial applicable method for stable LMA.展开更多
Owing to its low potential, crustal abundances and environmental friendliness, calcium metal anode(CMA) is emerging as a powerful contender in post-lithium era. However, the passivation of CMA fatally hinders its deve...Owing to its low potential, crustal abundances and environmental friendliness, calcium metal anode(CMA) is emerging as a powerful contender in post-lithium era. However, the passivation of CMA fatally hinders its development. Recently, several feasible electrolytes have been developed. Nevertheless, as a pivotal part, the solid electrolyte interface(SEI) formed on CMA has not been paid enough attention to. In this review, based on the passivation mechanism of CMA, the favorable composition of SEI is emphasized with the corresponding electrolytes. It is considered that boron-containing and organic–inorganic hybrid SEI might be preferred. By comparing electrolytes and SEI on CMA with lithium and magnesium metal anodes, the root causes of CMA passivation are further elaborated, enlightening rational design rules of suitable SEI. Furthermore, some noteworthy details when assembling secondary calcium metal batteries(CMBs) are put forward. It is expected that deeper understanding of SEI on CMA will promote the development of CMBs.展开更多
The future of high-energy density electrochemical energy storage systems relies on the advancement of rechargeable batteries that utilize reactive metals as anodes.In the alkaline metal,secondary battery systems becau...The future of high-energy density electrochemical energy storage systems relies on the advancement of rechargeable batteries that utilize reactive metals as anodes.In the alkaline metal,secondary battery systems because of abundant resource,high capacity and low redox potential,potassium(K)metal secondary battery(KMB)is expected to replace the existing lithiumion battery as a versatile platform for high-energy density,cost-effective energy storage devices.However,the difficulty in processing metal K results in nonstandard electrodes and hinders the development of KMBs.Furthermore,the mobility of the K metal anode due to its unique lowmelting point character at elevated temperatures in practical conditions leads to severe instability and risks in chemical/electrochemical processes.Herein,we fabricate a processable and moldable composite K metal anode by encapsulating K into reduced graphene oxide(rGO).The composite electrode can be engineered into various shapes discretionarily with precise sizes and stabilize the K metal anode at relatively high temperatures.Remarkably,the composite anode exhibits excellent cycling performance at high current density(8 mA cm^(-2)) with dendrite-free morphology.Paired with a Prussian blue cathode,the rGO-K composite anode shows much improved electrochemical performance and extended lifetime.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.51872196)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant no.17JCJQJC44100)+1 种基金Metal Fuel Cell Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(NO.BX20190232)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(NO.2019M660059)。
文摘Lithium metal anode(LMA)is the ultimate"Holy Grail"electrode for next generation high-energy-density batteries.Nevertheless,its instinct high reactivity is a formidable challenge and has intensified side reactions,destabilized the electrode/electrolyte interface and restricted the operating conditions strictly,thus hampering its practical application.Here,we"make up"the Li metal(M-Li)by constructing vaselinecoated layer by a simple dip-coating or casting method.With the chemically stable and hydrophobic vaseline protective layer,the stability of Li towards humid and corrosive atmosphere has been greatly improved.The M-Li guaranteed stable and prolonged cycling life after the anode suffering from corrosion in moist air(relative humidity-65%)or corrosive electrolyte(with 10,000 ppm H2O or S)both in symmetric cells and LiFePO4 full cells.This work illustrates a convenient,economic,and industrial applicable method for stable LMA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872196)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(17JCJQJC44100)。
文摘Owing to its low potential, crustal abundances and environmental friendliness, calcium metal anode(CMA) is emerging as a powerful contender in post-lithium era. However, the passivation of CMA fatally hinders its development. Recently, several feasible electrolytes have been developed. Nevertheless, as a pivotal part, the solid electrolyte interface(SEI) formed on CMA has not been paid enough attention to. In this review, based on the passivation mechanism of CMA, the favorable composition of SEI is emphasized with the corresponding electrolytes. It is considered that boron-containing and organic–inorganic hybrid SEI might be preferred. By comparing electrolytes and SEI on CMA with lithium and magnesium metal anodes, the root causes of CMA passivation are further elaborated, enlightening rational design rules of suitable SEI. Furthermore, some noteworthy details when assembling secondary calcium metal batteries(CMBs) are put forward. It is expected that deeper understanding of SEI on CMA will promote the development of CMBs.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51872196)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.17JCJQJC44100)+3 种基金National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(No.BX20190232)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M660059)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant no.20202ACBL214007)Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold.
文摘The future of high-energy density electrochemical energy storage systems relies on the advancement of rechargeable batteries that utilize reactive metals as anodes.In the alkaline metal,secondary battery systems because of abundant resource,high capacity and low redox potential,potassium(K)metal secondary battery(KMB)is expected to replace the existing lithiumion battery as a versatile platform for high-energy density,cost-effective energy storage devices.However,the difficulty in processing metal K results in nonstandard electrodes and hinders the development of KMBs.Furthermore,the mobility of the K metal anode due to its unique lowmelting point character at elevated temperatures in practical conditions leads to severe instability and risks in chemical/electrochemical processes.Herein,we fabricate a processable and moldable composite K metal anode by encapsulating K into reduced graphene oxide(rGO).The composite electrode can be engineered into various shapes discretionarily with precise sizes and stabilize the K metal anode at relatively high temperatures.Remarkably,the composite anode exhibits excellent cycling performance at high current density(8 mA cm^(-2)) with dendrite-free morphology.Paired with a Prussian blue cathode,the rGO-K composite anode shows much improved electrochemical performance and extended lifetime.