During the last decade, we have seen tremendous progress in the therapy of lung cancer. Discovery of actionable mutations in EGFR and translocations in ALK and ROS1 have identified subsets of patients with excellent t...During the last decade, we have seen tremendous progress in the therapy of lung cancer. Discovery of actionable mutations in EGFR and translocations in ALK and ROS1 have identified subsets of patients with excellent tumor response to oral targeted agents with manageable side effects. In this review, we highlight treatment options including corresponding clinical trials for oncogenic alterations affecting the receptor tyrosine kinases MET, FGFR, NTRK, RET, HER2, HER3, and HER4 as well as components of the RAS-RAF-MEK signaling pathway.展开更多
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gyneco-logical cancer and the leading cause of death in the United States. In this article we review the diagnosis and current management of epithelial ovarian cancer which acc...Ovarian cancer is the second most common gyneco-logical cancer and the leading cause of death in the United States. In this article we review the diagnosis and current management of epithelial ovarian cancer which accounts for over 95 percent of the ovarian malignancies. We will present various theories about the potential origin of ovarian malignancies. We will discuss the genetic anomalies and syndromes that may cause ovarian cancers with emphasis on Breast cancer type 1/2 mutations. The pathology and pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma will also be presented. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment strategies and staging of ovarian cancer, conclusions and future directions.展开更多
Renal cell carcinoma(RCC),the most prevalent type of kidney cancer,is a significant cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide.Antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKls),in combination with immune checkpoi...Renal cell carcinoma(RCC),the most prevalent type of kidney cancer,is a significant cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide.Antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKls),in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICls),are among the first-line treatment options for patients with advanced RCC.These therapies target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)tyrosine kinase pathway and other kinases crucial to cancer proliferation,survival,and metastasis.TKls have yielded substantial improvements in progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)for patients with advanced RCC.However,nearly all patients eventually progress on these drugs as resistance develops.This review provides an overview of TKl resistance in RCC and explores different mechanisms of resistance,including upregulation of alternative proangiogenic pathways,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),decreased intracellular drug concentrations due to efflux pumps and lysosomal sequestration,alterations in the tumor microenvironment including bone marrow-derived cells(BMDCs)and tumor-associated fibroblasts(TAFs),and genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms opens the door to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that can effectively overcome TKl resistance,thereby improving outcomes for patients with advanced RCC.展开更多
文摘During the last decade, we have seen tremendous progress in the therapy of lung cancer. Discovery of actionable mutations in EGFR and translocations in ALK and ROS1 have identified subsets of patients with excellent tumor response to oral targeted agents with manageable side effects. In this review, we highlight treatment options including corresponding clinical trials for oncogenic alterations affecting the receptor tyrosine kinases MET, FGFR, NTRK, RET, HER2, HER3, and HER4 as well as components of the RAS-RAF-MEK signaling pathway.
基金Supported by In part by Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholar award,NIH-NCRR-RCMI,No.G-12-RR003034,No.U54 RR02613,and No.5P20RR11104NIHMD research endowment,No.2S21MD000101,and No.U54CA118638ING foundation grant to Rao VN
文摘Ovarian cancer is the second most common gyneco-logical cancer and the leading cause of death in the United States. In this article we review the diagnosis and current management of epithelial ovarian cancer which accounts for over 95 percent of the ovarian malignancies. We will present various theories about the potential origin of ovarian malignancies. We will discuss the genetic anomalies and syndromes that may cause ovarian cancers with emphasis on Breast cancer type 1/2 mutations. The pathology and pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma will also be presented. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment strategies and staging of ovarian cancer, conclusions and future directions.
文摘Renal cell carcinoma(RCC),the most prevalent type of kidney cancer,is a significant cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide.Antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKls),in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICls),are among the first-line treatment options for patients with advanced RCC.These therapies target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)tyrosine kinase pathway and other kinases crucial to cancer proliferation,survival,and metastasis.TKls have yielded substantial improvements in progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)for patients with advanced RCC.However,nearly all patients eventually progress on these drugs as resistance develops.This review provides an overview of TKl resistance in RCC and explores different mechanisms of resistance,including upregulation of alternative proangiogenic pathways,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),decreased intracellular drug concentrations due to efflux pumps and lysosomal sequestration,alterations in the tumor microenvironment including bone marrow-derived cells(BMDCs)and tumor-associated fibroblasts(TAFs),and genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms opens the door to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that can effectively overcome TKl resistance,thereby improving outcomes for patients with advanced RCC.
