Phytogenic Synthesis of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Degradation of Dyes

Now-a-days nanotechnology is one of the booming fields for the researchers.With the increase in industrialization mainly textile,paper,medicine,plastic industry,there is an increase in concentration of organic dyes as pollutant.Release of harmful dyes in water bodies has become a serious issue,as most of the dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature and causes various diseases.Therefore,there is a requirement to find out new approaches for efficient treatment of effluent containing dyes.Nanoparticles are one of the potential solutions to this problem.They can be synthesized from different methods,however synthesis of nanoparticles from different plant parts(leaf,root or stem extract)is economical as well as ecofriendly.Phytogenic nanoparticles have various environmental applications and one of them is remediation of dyes.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of last five years studies about catalytic and photocatalytic degradation of various harmful dyes by plant synthesized nanoparticles,mechanism of degradation and advantages and disadvantages of phytogenic synthesis.

Multifaceted applications of biochar in environmental management:a bibliometric profile

Biochar is a carbon-containing material prepared through thermal treatment of biomass in limited supply of oxygen,and used for an array of applications including waste management,climate change mitigation,soil fertility improvement,bio-energy production,and contaminant remediation.The data related to biochar,its production,and the wide applicability were collected using Web of Science Core Collection Database(on 25/10/2022),while bibliometric network analysis was performed using VOSviewer software to analyse year-wise,author-wise,country-wise,and journal-wise publication trends,construct keyword co-occurrence maps,and identify research areas receiving greater focus.Further,the applications of biochar were reviewed and mechanistic insights were provided.Some of the findings include:>50%of documents(>13,000)getting published in the past 3 years,>90%of documents(>21,000)being research articles,~50%of publications(>10,000)being related to environmental sciences,pyrolysis being the most widely used(~40%articles)production technique(followed by carbonization,gasification,combustion,and torrefaction),China being the most active country in terms of publications(>11,000),and biochar being mostly used for removing contaminants(followed by soil improvement,waste management,energy production,and climate change mitigation).Various strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT analysis)of biochar production and wide-ranging applicability were identified.Lastly,gaps were identified including the need for performing elaborate life cycle assessments,exploring machine learning and artificial intelligence for upgrading conversion technology and producing application-specific biochar,and investigating mechanistic aspects of soil-biochar interactions and nanoscale transformation of biochar.The study covers a broad spectrum of biochar applicability to identify areas receiving lesser attention,which could guide the future researchers for augmenting biochar research.