Molecular clocks serve as valuable instruments employed by scientists to estimate the temporal divergence of species during evolution.Nevertheless,the conventional molecular clocks that rely on DNA exhibit a sluggish ...Molecular clocks serve as valuable instruments employed by scientists to estimate the temporal divergence of species during evolution.Nevertheless,the conventional molecular clocks that rely on DNA exhibit a sluggish rate of change,rendering them unsuitable for studying recent evolutionary events.Counting epigenetic alterations(epimutations),which occur more quickly than DNA sequence variations,Yao et al.(2023)describe an"epimutation clock"that overcomes this limitation and experimentally applied this clock to the phylogeny reconstruction in self-pollinating(selfing)and clonal(vegetatively propagated)plants(Figure 1).展开更多
Light plays an important role in plants' growth and development throughout their life cycle. Plants alter their morphological features in response to light cues of varying intensity and quality. Dedicated photorec...Light plays an important role in plants' growth and development throughout their life cycle. Plants alter their morphological features in response to light cues of varying intensity and quality. Dedicated photoreceptors help plants to perceive light signals of different wave-lengths. Activated photoreceptors stimulate the down-stream signaling cascades that lead to extensive gene expression changes responsible for physiological and developmental responses. Proteins such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTO-MORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) act as important factors which modulate light-regulated gene expression, especially during seedling development. These factors function as central regulatory intermediates not only in red, far-red, and blue light pathways but also in the UV-B signaling pathway. UV-B radiation makes up only a minor fraction of sunlight, yet it imparts many positive and negative effects on plant growth. Studies on UV-B perception, signaling, and response in plants has considerably surged in recent times. Plants have developed different strat-egies to use UV-B as a developmental cue as well as to withstand high doses of UV-B radiation. Plants' re-sponses to UV-B are an integration of its cross-talks with both environmental factors and phytohormones. This review outlines the current developments in light sig-naling with a major focus on UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation.展开更多
文摘Molecular clocks serve as valuable instruments employed by scientists to estimate the temporal divergence of species during evolution.Nevertheless,the conventional molecular clocks that rely on DNA exhibit a sluggish rate of change,rendering them unsuitable for studying recent evolutionary events.Counting epigenetic alterations(epimutations),which occur more quickly than DNA sequence variations,Yao et al.(2023)describe an"epimutation clock"that overcomes this limitation and experimentally applied this clock to the phylogeny reconstruction in self-pollinating(selfing)and clonal(vegetatively propagated)plants(Figure 1).
文摘Light plays an important role in plants' growth and development throughout their life cycle. Plants alter their morphological features in response to light cues of varying intensity and quality. Dedicated photoreceptors help plants to perceive light signals of different wave-lengths. Activated photoreceptors stimulate the down-stream signaling cascades that lead to extensive gene expression changes responsible for physiological and developmental responses. Proteins such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTO-MORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) act as important factors which modulate light-regulated gene expression, especially during seedling development. These factors function as central regulatory intermediates not only in red, far-red, and blue light pathways but also in the UV-B signaling pathway. UV-B radiation makes up only a minor fraction of sunlight, yet it imparts many positive and negative effects on plant growth. Studies on UV-B perception, signaling, and response in plants has considerably surged in recent times. Plants have developed different strat-egies to use UV-B as a developmental cue as well as to withstand high doses of UV-B radiation. Plants' re-sponses to UV-B are an integration of its cross-talks with both environmental factors and phytohormones. This review outlines the current developments in light sig-naling with a major focus on UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation.
