Colorectal cancer(CRC)affects 1 in 23 males and 1 in 25 females,making it the third most common cancer.With roughly 608000 deaths worldwide,CRC accounts for 8%of all cancer-related deaths,making it the second most com...Colorectal cancer(CRC)affects 1 in 23 males and 1 in 25 females,making it the third most common cancer.With roughly 608000 deaths worldwide,CRC accounts for 8%of all cancer-related deaths,making it the second most common cause of death due to cancer.Standard and conventional CRC treatments include surgical expurgation for resectable CRC and radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and their combinational regimen for non-resectable CRC.Despite these tactics,nearly half of patients develop incurable recurring CRC.Cancer cells resist the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in a variety of ways,including drug inactivation,drug influx and efflux modifications,and ATPbinding cassette transporter overexpression.These constraints necessitate the development of new target-specific therapeutic strategies.Emerging therapeutic approaches,such as targeted immune boosting therapies,non-coding RNA-based therapies,probiotics,natural products,oncolytic viral therapies,and biomarkerdriven therapies,have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies.We tethered the entire evolutionary trends in the development of CRC treatments in this review and discussed the potential of new therapies and how they might be used in conjunction with conventional treatments as well as their advantages and drawbacks as future medicines.展开更多
A neurological abnormality called autism spectrum disorder(ASD)affects how a person perceives and interacts with others,leading to social interaction and communication issues.Limited and recurring behavioural patterns...A neurological abnormality called autism spectrum disorder(ASD)affects how a person perceives and interacts with others,leading to social interaction and communication issues.Limited and recurring behavioural patterns are another feature of the illness.Multiple mutations throughout development are the source of the neurodevelopmental disorder autism.However,a well-established model and perfect treatment for this spectrum disease has not been discovered.The rising era of the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated protein 9(Cas9)system can streamline the complexity underlying the pathogenesis of ASD.The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful genetic engineering tool used to edit the genome at the targeted site in a precise manner.The major hurdle in studying ASD is the lack of appropriate animal models presenting the complex symptoms of ASD.Therefore,CRISPR-Cas9 is being used worldwide to mimic the ASD-like pathology in various systems like in vitro cell lines,in vitro 3D organoid models and in vivo animal models.Apart from being used in establishing ASD models,CRISPR-Cas9 can also be used to treat the complexities of ASD.The aim of this review was to summarize and critically analyse the CRISPRCas9-mediated discoveries in the field of ASD.展开更多
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)affects 1 in 23 males and 1 in 25 females,making it the third most common cancer.With roughly 608000 deaths worldwide,CRC accounts for 8%of all cancer-related deaths,making it the second most common cause of death due to cancer.Standard and conventional CRC treatments include surgical expurgation for resectable CRC and radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and their combinational regimen for non-resectable CRC.Despite these tactics,nearly half of patients develop incurable recurring CRC.Cancer cells resist the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in a variety of ways,including drug inactivation,drug influx and efflux modifications,and ATPbinding cassette transporter overexpression.These constraints necessitate the development of new target-specific therapeutic strategies.Emerging therapeutic approaches,such as targeted immune boosting therapies,non-coding RNA-based therapies,probiotics,natural products,oncolytic viral therapies,and biomarkerdriven therapies,have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies.We tethered the entire evolutionary trends in the development of CRC treatments in this review and discussed the potential of new therapies and how they might be used in conjunction with conventional treatments as well as their advantages and drawbacks as future medicines.
文摘A neurological abnormality called autism spectrum disorder(ASD)affects how a person perceives and interacts with others,leading to social interaction and communication issues.Limited and recurring behavioural patterns are another feature of the illness.Multiple mutations throughout development are the source of the neurodevelopmental disorder autism.However,a well-established model and perfect treatment for this spectrum disease has not been discovered.The rising era of the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated protein 9(Cas9)system can streamline the complexity underlying the pathogenesis of ASD.The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful genetic engineering tool used to edit the genome at the targeted site in a precise manner.The major hurdle in studying ASD is the lack of appropriate animal models presenting the complex symptoms of ASD.Therefore,CRISPR-Cas9 is being used worldwide to mimic the ASD-like pathology in various systems like in vitro cell lines,in vitro 3D organoid models and in vivo animal models.Apart from being used in establishing ASD models,CRISPR-Cas9 can also be used to treat the complexities of ASD.The aim of this review was to summarize and critically analyse the CRISPRCas9-mediated discoveries in the field of ASD.
