Prevalence of plasmid mediated bla_(TEM-1) and bla_(CTX-M-15) type extended spectrum beta-lactamases in patients with sepsis

Objective:To characterize the bacterial pathogens in patients having gram negative septicaemia. Further,to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and underlying molecular mechanisms in these strains.Methods:A total number of 70 cases of gram negative sepsis were included in this prospective,open labeled,observational study.Standard methods for isolation and identification of bacteria were used.Antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBL testing was performed by the standard disc diffusion method.PCR amplification was performed to identify blaCTX-M,blaSHVand blaTEM type ESBLs.Conjugation experiments were performed to show resistant marker transfer. Results:The most prevalent isolates Escherichia coli（E.coli） 58.6%,Klebsiella Spp.32.9%and Pseudomonas 8.6%,were resistant to most of the antimicrobials including cefazolin,ceftriaxone, cefuroxime,ampicillin and co-trimoxazole but sensitive to imipenem and meropenem.ESBL and MBL production was seen 7.3%and 12.2%of E.coli isolates respectively.Three isoaltes were found to have blaCTX-M-15 and two of them also showed blaTEM-1 type enxyme.Whereas, none of them showed blaSHV.Conjugation experiments using J-53 cells confirmed these resistant markers as plasmid mediated.Conclusions:This work highlights the molecular epidemiology of escalating antimicrobial resistance and likely switch over of blaCTX-M-15 type extended spectrum beta-lactamases by blaTEM type ESBLs in India.Further,the antimicrobial resistance by horizontal gene transfer was predominant among Enterobacteraceae in the community setting.

Quick screening and easy detection method of NDM-gene in clinical isolates:A need of the time

The emerging trend of multidrug resistance is becoming a major threat to community acquired and nosocomial infections,worldwide[1].The carbapenems are used as last-source drugs because of increasing resistance against beta-lactam groups of antibiotics due to its excessive use to treat wide range of infections[2].The

Swine flu pandemic:a global concern

Recently WHO has again declared Influenza pandemic due to the outbreak of H1N1 which has infected over 254,206 people in 80 countries,with 625 deaths.Our lab has started working on the proteome analysis of H1N1,2009 out break strains.

Multiple drug resistance and bacterial infection

Drug resistance is becoming a great problem in developing countries due to excessive use and misuse of antibiotics. The emergence of new pathogenic strains with resistance developed against most of the antibiotics which may cause,difficult to treat infection.To understand the current scenario in different mode of infection is most important for the clinicians and medical practitioners.This article summarized some common infections and antibiotic resistance pattern found among these pathogens.

Plasmid mediated multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from community acquired infection of urinary tract in Aligarh Hospital

This study was to investigate the current trends of multiple drug resistance in bacteria against antibiotics for the proper empirical treatmen.Clinical isolates were collected from community-acquired infection of urinary tract patients in Aligarh India from March 1999 to August 1999.Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed,using the disc diffusion method followed by plasmid isolation by the method of Kado and Liu.Transfer experiments were performed by the method of Lederberg and Cohen.Clinical study revealed that this infection was more common in young women.Various strains of E.coli isolated during the course of study were found to show multiple antibiotic resistance which was further characterized as plasmid-borne drug resistance.This study shows that E.coli may be one of the important causative agents of urinary tract infection(UTI) in young women.