Influence of Integrated Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the integrated nutrients effect on growth, yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) during spring, 2009, at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The ex-periment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications with following treat-ments: T1 (control), T2(recommended NPK @ 200-120-125 kg ha-1), T3 [single spray of multinutrient (a solution mixture of micronutrients i.e;Zn = 2%, Fe = 1%, B = 1%, Mn = 1%, Cu = 0.2% and macronutrients N = 1%, K2O = 2%, S = 2%) @ 1.25Lha-1], T4 (recommended NPK @ 200-120-125 kg ha-1 + single spray of multinutrient @ 1.25L ha-1), T5 (recom-mended NPK @ 200-120-125 kg ha-1 + two spray of multinutrient @1.25Lha-1) and T6 (recommended NPK @ 200-120-125 kg ha-1+ three spray of multinutrient @ 1.25Lha-1).The recommended dose of NPK in addition with single spray of Multi-nutrients substationally improved all growth parameters, ear characteristics and also enhanced macronutrients use efficiency up to 11.5% which induced significant increase in grain yield as compared to control and also in the treatment where recommended dose of NPK was applied alone. The quality parameter of maize (oil contents) significantly improved by foliar application of multinutrients solution but recommended dose of fertilizer in addition to single spray of Multi-nutrients was economical.

Resolving the Routine Presence of Kyanite, Andalusite and Sillimanite across a Region using Foliation Intersection/Inflection Axes Preserved in Porphyroblasts, Petrographic Observations and Thermobarometry

Constraints from P-T pseudosections （MnNCKFMASH system）, foliation intersection/ inflection axes preserved in porphyroblasts （FIAs）, mineral assemblages and textural relationships for rocks containing all three Al2 SiO5 polymorphs indicate a kyanite→ andalusite→ sillimanite sequential formation at different times rather than stable coexistence at the Al2SiO5 triple point. All three Al2SiO5 polymorphs grew in the Chl, Bt, Ms, Grt, St, Pl and Crd bearing Ordovician Clayhole Schist in Balcooma, northeastern Australia separately along a looped P-T-t-D path that swaps from clockwise to anticlockwise in the tectono-metamorphic history of the region. Kyanite grew during crustal thickening in an Early Silurian Orogenic event followed by decompression/heating, andalusite and fibrolitic sillimanite growth during Early Devonian exhumation.

Distinguishing and Correlating Multiple Phases of Metamorphism across Multiply Deformed Regions Using the Axes of Inclusion Trails in Porphyroblasts

Successions of FIAs（foliation inflection/intersection axes preserved within porphyroblasts） provide a relative time scale for deformation and metamorphism.In-situ dating of monazite grains preserved as inclusions within garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts within the foliations defining each FIA from such successions provides a rigorous approach to grouping ages that formed over extended periods of deformation and metamorphism.Matching age and FIA progressions confirms the suitability of this approach plus provides access to lengthy histories that cannot otherwise be determined.Tectonism in the Big Thompson region of the Colorado Rocky Mountains,USA began about a SW-NE trending axis defined by FIA set 1 at around 1761±13 Ma.Subsequent periods of tectonism occurred around 1712±25 and 1672±21 Ma about W-E and NW-SE trending FIAs 2 and 3, respectively.Tectonism in the Balcooma Metamorphic Group NW of Greenvale in NE Queensland, Australia began around 470 Ma with the growth of garnet porphyroblasts about a W-E trending axis defined by FIA set 1.No monazite grains were preserved as inclusions in this mineral phase but they were in subsequently grown staurolite.Tectonism then occurred around 443.2±3.8,424±4 and 408.9±8.9 Ma about NNW-SSE,SSW-NNE and W-E trending FIAs 2,3 and 4,respectively.This test of a FIA based approach to monazite dating in tectonic regimes in different parts of the world and with dramatically different ages suggests it can be used in all orogens containing porphyroblasts preserving inclusion trails.

Timing of metamorphism and deformation in the Swat valley, northern Pakistan:Insight into garnet-monazite HREE partitioning

New metamorphic petrology and geochronology from the Loe Sar dome in the Swat region of northern Pakistan place refined constraints on the pressure, temperature and timing of metamorphism and deformation in that part of the Himalayan orogen. Thermodynamic modelling and monazite petrochronology indicate that metamorphism in the area followed a prograde evolution from ～525 ± 25 ℃and 6 士 0.5 kbar to ～610 ± 25 ℃ and 9 士 0.5 kbar, between ca. 39 Ma and 28 Ma. Partitioning of heavy rare earth elements between garnet rims and 30-28 Ma monazite are interpreted to indicate coeval crystallization at peak conditions. Microtextural relationships indicate that garnet rim growth post-dated the development of the main foliation in the area. The regional foliation is folded about large-scale N-S trending fold axes and overprinting E-W trending folds to form km-scale domal culminations. The textural relationships observed indicate that final dome development must be younger than the 30-28 Ma monazite that grew with garnet rims post-regional foliation development, but pre-doming-related deformation. This new timing constraint helps resolve discrepancy between previous interpretations,which have alternately suggested that N-S trending regional folds must be either pre-or post-early Oligocene. Finally, when combined with existing hornblende and white mica cooling ages, these new data indicate that the study area was exhumed rapidly following peak metamorphism.

Tectonic Imprints of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis on the Mesozoic Rocks Exposed in Munda, Mohmand Agency, Northwest Pakistan

Two well-developed mesoscopic folds, D_2 and D_3, which postdate the middle amphibolite metamorphism, were recognized in the western hinterland zone of Pakistan. NW–SE trending D_2 folds developed during NE–SW horizontal bulk shortening followed by NE–SW trending D_3 folds, which developed during SE–NW shortening. Micro- to mesoscopically the NW–SE trending S2 crenulation cleavage, boudins and mineral stretching lineations are overprinted by D_3. The newly established NW–SE trending micro- to mesoscopic structures in Munda termed D_2, which postdated F_1/F_2, is synchronously developed with F3 structures in the western hinterland zone of Pakistan. We interpret that D2 and D3 folds are counterclockwise rotated in the tectonic event that has evolved the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis after the main phase Indian plate and Kohistan Island Arc collision. Chlorite replacement by biotite in the main matrix crenulation cleavages indicates prograde metamorphism related with D2. The inclusion of muscovite and biotite in garnet porphyroblasts and the presence of staurolite in these rocks indicate that the Barrovian metamorphic conditions predate D2 and D3. We interpret that garnet, staurolite and calcite porphyroblasts grew before D2 because the well developed S2 crenulation cleavage wraps around these porphyroblasts.

还原氧化石墨烯-硒化银纳米复合材料的水热合成与表征及其活性氧物种产生(英文)

A visible-light photocatalyst containing Ag2Se and reduced graphene oxide(RGO) was synthesized by a facile sonochemical-assisted hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron mi-croscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectros-copy results indicated that the RGO-Ag2Se nanocomposite contained small crystalline Ag2Se nano-particles dispersed over graphene nanosheets and absorbed visible light. The high crystallinity of the nanoparticles increased photocatalytic activity by facilitating charge transport. N2 adsorp-tion-desorption measurements revealed that the RGO-Ag2Se nanocomposite contained numerous pores with an average diameter of 9 nm, which should allow reactant molecules to readily access the Ag2Se nanoparticles. The RGO-Ag2Se nanocomposite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than bulk Ag2Se nanoparticles to degrade organic pollutant rhodamine B and industrial dye Texbrite BA-L under visible-light irradiation(λ > 420 nm). The generation of reactive oxygen spe-cies in RGO-Ag2Se was evaluated through its ability to oxidize 1,5-diphenylcarbazide to 1,5-diphenylcarbazone. The small size of the Ag2Se nanoparticles in RGO-Ag2Se was related to the use of ultrasonication during their formation, revealing that this approach is attractive to form po-rous RGO-Ag2Se materials with high photocatalytic activity under visible light.

Exploring Placer Gold Deposits through Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Techniques at the Confluence of the Indus and Kabul Rivers,NW Pakistan

Analysis of the anomalous magnetic mineral intensities and geochemistry for placer gold deposits are presented for those of the Attock area at the confluence of the Indus and Kabul rivers in northwestern Pakistan.Two grids covering an area of 10 x18 m2 and 8 x10 m2 were analyzed using a G-858 Cesium Vapor Magnetometer.The anomalous zones obtained were plotted on contour maps,2 D and 3 D magnetic intensity maps.Based on the magnetic anomalies,grid-1 of the study area was sampled at three different anomalous zones for geochemical analysis.These zones contain gold concentrations,ranging from 2.11 ppm to 6.109 ppm with an average of 4.01 ppm.Increase in gold concentration in the subsurface within the anomalous zones indicates that magnetometer survey followed by a geochemical analysis can potentially narrow down the gold-bearing anomalous zones.

The Interrelationship of Micro-Meso and Macroscopic Structures on the Western Limb of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, Pakistan

Detailed micro-meso to macroscopic structural analyses reveal two deformation phases in the western limb of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis（HKS）. Bulk top to NW shearing transformed initially symmetrical NNE-SSW trending meso to macroscopic folds from asymmetric to overturned ones without changing their trend. Sigmoidal en-echelon tension gashes developed during this deformation,that were oblique to bedding parallel worm burrows and bedding planes themselves. Strain analyses of deformed elliptical ooids using the Rf/Ф method constrain the internal strain patterns of the NNE-SSW structures. The principal stretching axis（S3） defined by deformed elliptical ooids is oriented N27°E at right angles to WNW-ESE shortening. The deformed elliptical ooids in sub-vertical bedding vertical planes contain ooids that plunge -70° SE due to NW-directed tectonic transport. Finite strain ratios are1.45（Rxy） parallel to bedding plane and 1.46（Ryz） for the vertical plane. From these 2D strain values, we derive an oblate strain ellipsoidal in 3D using the Flinn and Hsu/Nadai techniques. Strains calculated from deformed elliptical ooids average-18.10% parallel to bedding and-18.47% in the vertical plane.However, a balanced cross-section through the study area indicates a minimum of--28% shortening.Consequently, regional shortening was only partially accommodated by internal deformation.

Propagation of traveling wave solutions to the Vakhnenko-Parkes dynamical equation via modified mathematical methods

In this paper, we investigate some new traveling wave solutions to Vakhnenko-Parkes equation via three modified mathematical methods. The derived solutions have been obtained including periodic and solitons solutions in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational function solutions. The graphical representations of some solutions by assigning particular values to the parameters under prescribed conditions in each solutions and comparing of solutions with those gained by other authors indicate that these employed techniques are more effective, efficient and applicable mathematical tools for solving nonlinear problems in applied science.

An Efficient Image Cipher Based on 2D Scrambled Image and Random Numbers

Security of images plays an import role in communication in current era due to the popularity and high usage ofmultimedia content in the Internet.Image security is described as applying an encryption algorithm over the given plaintext images to produce cipher images that can be transmitted safely over the open channel,the Internet.The problem which plagues these image ciphers is that they are too much time consuming,and that do not meet the dictates of the present times.In this paper,we aim to provide an efficient image cipher.The previous studies employed many constructs like Langton’s Ant,15 puzzle game and Castle in the 2D scrambled image based image ciphers,which had grave implications related to the high execution time of the ciphers.The current study directly made use of the 2D scrambled image to realize the purpose.Moreover,no compromise has been made over the security of the proposed image cipher.Random numbers have been generated by triggering the Intertwining Logistic Chaotic map.The cipher has been subjected to many important validation metrics like key space,information entropy,correlation coefficient,crop attack and lastly time complexity to demonstrate its immunity to the various attacks,and its realworld application.In this paper,our proposed image cipher exhibits an encryption speed of 0.1797 s,which is far better than many of the existing encryption ciphers.

Interrelationships between Deformation and Metamorphic Events across the Western Hinterland Zone, NW Pakistan

Microscopic to mesoscopic structural investigations and foliation intersection axes（FIAs） preserved in porphyroblasts reveal a very complex history of deformation and tectonism within the southwestern part of the western hinterland zone along the northern margin of the Indian plate, NW Pakistan. D_1, D_2, and D_3 related structures in the southwestern part resemble the F_1/F_2, F_3, and F_4 related structures in the northeastern part of the western hinterland zone. These structures developed at the same time through the same changes in the direction of bulk shortening in southwestern and northeastern parts of the western hinterland zone. FIA set 1 indicates NW-SE shortening. The D_2 fabrics, mineral lineations and fold axes indicate E-W shortening. FIA set 2, D_3 fold axes and mineral lineations indicate NNE-SSW shortening. D_3 deformation event is equivalent to the F_4 deformation event in the northeastern part of the western hinterland zone. D_4 fold axes, mineral stretching lineations and axial plane foliation suggest ENE-WSW shortening. The D_4 NNW-SSE fabrics, which formed in the region after the formation of the MMT（main mantle thrust）, Khairabad-Panjal thrust fault, Hissartang thrust fault and MBT（main boundary thrust）, likely resulted from ENE-WSW bulk shortening related to development of the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis.

Dispersive soliton solutions for shallow water wave system and modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equations via applications of mathematical methods

We have utilized three novel methods,called generalized direct algebraic,modified F-expansion and improved simple equation methods to construct traveling wave solutions of the system of shallow water wave equations and modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation.After substituting particular values of the parameters,different solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact traveling wave solutions.It is shown that these employed methods are more powerful tools for nonlinear wave equations.

Dispersive Solitary Wave Solutions of Strain Wave Dynamical Model and Its Stability

In the materials of micro-structured, the propagation of wave modeling should take into account the scale of various microstructures. The different kinds solitary wave solutions of strain wave dynamical model are derived via utilizing exp(-φ(ξ))-expansion and extended simple equation methods. This dynamical equation plays a key role in engineering and mathematical physics. Solutions obtained in this work include periodic solitary waves, Kink and antiKink solitary waves, bell-shaped solutions, solitons, and rational solutions. These exact solutions help researchers for knowing the physical phenomena of this wave equation. The stability of this dynamical model is examined via standard linear stability analysis, which authenticate that the model is stable and their solutions are exact. Graphs are depicted for knowing the movements of some solutions. The results show that the current methods, by the assist of symbolic calculation, give an effectual and direct mathematical tools for resolving the nonlinear problems in applied sciences.