Objective:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.In the last decade,interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy has slowly ...Objective:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.In the last decade,interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy has slowly shifted from methotrexate,vinblastine,doxorubicin and cisplatin regime to gemcitabine and cisplatin regime.There are many publications on gemcitabine and cisplatin regime in literature which cover different aspects of treatment.This review aims to summarise the findings published so far on gemcitabine and cisplatin regime and present it in a concise manner.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted searching the PubMeddatabase in December 2016 using the medical subject heading(MeSH)with the terms gemcitabine,cisplatin,chemotherapy,muscle invasive bladder cancer,and neoadjuvant.All relevant studies were included and results were analysed.Results:A total of 13 studies were included which published between 2007 and 2015.These 13 studies comprised of 754 subjects suffering from muscle invasive bladder cancer.The proportion of male patients ranged from 60%to 86.4%and the median age ranged from 54.2 to 77.3 years in various studies.Complete pathological response(pT0)was seen in 30.0%of patients and pathological downstaging(<pT2)was seen in 48.67%of patients.Conclusion:As per latest guidelines,neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.There is substantial pathological downstaging with low toxicity in patients of muscle invasive bladder cancer who receive neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin regime.展开更多
A cell is a house to myriad biochemical reactions composed in a symphony of various pathways,both survival and apoptotic.Apoptosis is of fundamental significance to an organ by replacing weary and senile cells with ju...A cell is a house to myriad biochemical reactions composed in a symphony of various pathways,both survival and apoptotic.Apoptosis is of fundamental significance to an organ by replacing weary and senile cells with juvenile cells.展开更多
Celiac disease, gluten-allergy or gluten-sensitivity is caused due to glutamine protein from the grains like wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten). This protein damages the small intestine and causes stom...Celiac disease, gluten-allergy or gluten-sensitivity is caused due to glutamine protein from the grains like wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten). This protein damages the small intestine and causes stomach pain, bloating, weakness etc. Celiac disease, gluten-allergy or gluten-sensitivity has never really been taken seriously in developing countries like India. However, in developed nations like UK, USA, Canada and other parts of Europe, gluten-free foods have become quite popular. With a prevalence rate of about one in 100 - 133 people worldwide, celiac disease is widespread across the globe and life-long consumption of gluten-free food is recommended treatment for this allergy. Apart from celiac-disease patients, gluten-free foods are also consumed by health conscious people for weight management and high protein diet and by the patients for diabetes, autism and food allergies. Apart from gluten-free flour, biscuits, cookies and snacks, product innovations like gluten-free beers are becoming very popular. Big data including online blogs, articles, and reviews have played a major role in increased sales of gluten-free foods. Thus, analysis of editorial and social media content becomes essential to understand the leading trends in gluten-free foods. This study provided deep insights about positive, negative and neutral sentiments related to gluten-free foods using the data from Perspectory Media Insights and Google Trends. This study also revealed that most of the consumers talked and expected product innovation in food sections like snacks, fast food (pizza, pasta and noodles) and desserts through comments on social and editorial media. Searches were divided into developed (e.g., U.S.A.) and developing nations (e.g., India) to get more details about the consumer preferences. This study would help manufacturers of gluten-free foods to develop food products according to the choices and preferences of consumers. The study is very unique in itself since it combines big data to niche food market of gluten-free foods to draw the valuable consumer preferences using online platforms.展开更多
Introduction:Considering the problem of eutrophication of the water bodies,phosphate removal from water has emerged as a research of topical interest.The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of Canna lily-ba...Introduction:Considering the problem of eutrophication of the water bodies,phosphate removal from water has emerged as a research of topical interest.The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of Canna lily-based constructed wetland to remove phosphate from wastewater.The translocation of phosphate in plant tissue and its biochemical transformation in sediments is also studied to understand its accumulation and recirculation within the system.Results:The removal of phosphate stabilized at around 50%in the present study and plant uptake was found to be the major removal mechanism.Average removal was 167 mg/m2 day for total phosphate and 84 mg/m2 day for available phosphate for an initial loading rate of 200 mg/m2 day and 85 mg/m2 day,respectively,at a HRT of 24 h.Most of the phosphate concentrated in above ground tissue of plant and its relative accumulation was maximum in flowers.Fractionation of phosphate in sediments confirmed removal by sediments with an accumulation of apatite phosphate(Ca and Mg bound),but release of non-apatite form(Fe and Al bound).Conclusion:The study concludes that Canna-based constructed wetland can be an effective tool for phosphate removal from wastewater and sediments particularly under tropical conditions.Regular harvesting of above ground tissue of Canna can result in nutrient export from the system,whereas autochthonous addition may result in recirculation.展开更多
文摘Objective:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.In the last decade,interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy has slowly shifted from methotrexate,vinblastine,doxorubicin and cisplatin regime to gemcitabine and cisplatin regime.There are many publications on gemcitabine and cisplatin regime in literature which cover different aspects of treatment.This review aims to summarise the findings published so far on gemcitabine and cisplatin regime and present it in a concise manner.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted searching the PubMeddatabase in December 2016 using the medical subject heading(MeSH)with the terms gemcitabine,cisplatin,chemotherapy,muscle invasive bladder cancer,and neoadjuvant.All relevant studies were included and results were analysed.Results:A total of 13 studies were included which published between 2007 and 2015.These 13 studies comprised of 754 subjects suffering from muscle invasive bladder cancer.The proportion of male patients ranged from 60%to 86.4%and the median age ranged from 54.2 to 77.3 years in various studies.Complete pathological response(pT0)was seen in 30.0%of patients and pathological downstaging(<pT2)was seen in 48.67%of patients.Conclusion:As per latest guidelines,neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.There is substantial pathological downstaging with low toxicity in patients of muscle invasive bladder cancer who receive neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin regime.
文摘A cell is a house to myriad biochemical reactions composed in a symphony of various pathways,both survival and apoptotic.Apoptosis is of fundamental significance to an organ by replacing weary and senile cells with juvenile cells.
文摘Celiac disease, gluten-allergy or gluten-sensitivity is caused due to glutamine protein from the grains like wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten). This protein damages the small intestine and causes stomach pain, bloating, weakness etc. Celiac disease, gluten-allergy or gluten-sensitivity has never really been taken seriously in developing countries like India. However, in developed nations like UK, USA, Canada and other parts of Europe, gluten-free foods have become quite popular. With a prevalence rate of about one in 100 - 133 people worldwide, celiac disease is widespread across the globe and life-long consumption of gluten-free food is recommended treatment for this allergy. Apart from celiac-disease patients, gluten-free foods are also consumed by health conscious people for weight management and high protein diet and by the patients for diabetes, autism and food allergies. Apart from gluten-free flour, biscuits, cookies and snacks, product innovations like gluten-free beers are becoming very popular. Big data including online blogs, articles, and reviews have played a major role in increased sales of gluten-free foods. Thus, analysis of editorial and social media content becomes essential to understand the leading trends in gluten-free foods. This study provided deep insights about positive, negative and neutral sentiments related to gluten-free foods using the data from Perspectory Media Insights and Google Trends. This study also revealed that most of the consumers talked and expected product innovation in food sections like snacks, fast food (pizza, pasta and noodles) and desserts through comments on social and editorial media. Searches were divided into developed (e.g., U.S.A.) and developing nations (e.g., India) to get more details about the consumer preferences. This study would help manufacturers of gluten-free foods to develop food products according to the choices and preferences of consumers. The study is very unique in itself since it combines big data to niche food market of gluten-free foods to draw the valuable consumer preferences using online platforms.
文摘Introduction:Considering the problem of eutrophication of the water bodies,phosphate removal from water has emerged as a research of topical interest.The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of Canna lily-based constructed wetland to remove phosphate from wastewater.The translocation of phosphate in plant tissue and its biochemical transformation in sediments is also studied to understand its accumulation and recirculation within the system.Results:The removal of phosphate stabilized at around 50%in the present study and plant uptake was found to be the major removal mechanism.Average removal was 167 mg/m2 day for total phosphate and 84 mg/m2 day for available phosphate for an initial loading rate of 200 mg/m2 day and 85 mg/m2 day,respectively,at a HRT of 24 h.Most of the phosphate concentrated in above ground tissue of plant and its relative accumulation was maximum in flowers.Fractionation of phosphate in sediments confirmed removal by sediments with an accumulation of apatite phosphate(Ca and Mg bound),but release of non-apatite form(Fe and Al bound).Conclusion:The study concludes that Canna-based constructed wetland can be an effective tool for phosphate removal from wastewater and sediments particularly under tropical conditions.Regular harvesting of above ground tissue of Canna can result in nutrient export from the system,whereas autochthonous addition may result in recirculation.
