Despeckling of Ultrasound Images Using Modified Local Statistics Mean Variance Filter

This article presents an improved method of despeckling the ultrasound medical images.In this paper a modified local statistics mean variance filter method has been proposed.In the proposed method,more consideration is given to local statistics since local statistical features are more important rather than global features.Various parameters like mean square error,peak signal to noise ratio,quality index,and structural similarity index measure are calculated to analyze the quality of the despeckled image.

Fast Converging Generalized Turbo Decoding Scheme with Enhanced Throughput for Mobile Radio

The use of turbo codes enhances the data transmission efficiency and optimizes the performance of a communication system over wireless fading channels. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the various components of the turbo coding scheme, analyze the complexities of the most popular turbo decoding algorithms, and discuss the various implementation methods of the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm. The paper considers the well-known log-MAP decoding algorithm by a linear approximation of the correction function used by the max* operator. We propose a generalized decoding scheme that optimizes the existing MAP algorithm for faster convergence and better throughput on the basis of varying channel conditions. The proposed scheme of decoding reduces complexity and enhances the throughput with only a negligible loss in BER performance.

A Comprehensive Review of Animal Models for Coronaviruses: SARSCoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease(COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has already affected a large population of the world. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERSCoV). COVID-19 has a complex pathology involving severe acute respiratory infection, hyper-immune response, and coagulopathy. At present, there is no therapeutic drug or vaccine approved for the disease. There is an urgent need for an ideal animal model that can reflect clinical symptoms and underlying etiopathogenesis similar to COVID-19 patients which can be further used for evaluation of underlying mechanisms, potential vaccines, and therapeutic strategies. The current review provides a paramount insight into the available animal models of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV for the management of the diseases.

Assessment of long-term climate variability and its impact on the decadal growth of horticultural crops in central India

Background:The impact of climate change on horticultural production is of utmost concern worldwide.One such vulnerable region of horticultural importance is the Madhya Pradesh state in the central part of India.It is crucial to analyse the long-term trend in climatic variations and its effect on horticultural crop production.Therefore,this study focuses on detecting trends in mean annual precipitation and temperature of 115 years for the 15 districts covering all the regions of the state as well as projections of all the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)climatic scenarios for 2050 and 2080 of Madhya Pradesh state.The decadal(2010–2020)insight into the area and production of horticultural crops is undertaken which will help forecasting the future growth trend.For a better insight,case study on four horticultural crops is undertaken to assess their decadal growth trend vis-à-vis climate parameters in these 15 districts.Results:The Mann–Kendall test for 1901–2016 and Sen’s slope indicated a non-significant change in long-term trend for precipitation except for increasing change in Khargone and decreasing change in Rewa districts.Signifi-cant increasing trend of average temperature is obtained for Hoshangabad,Jabalpur,Sagar and Rewa districts.The Sen’s slope indicated an increase of 0.005 to 0.009℃for maximum temperature and 0.005 to 0.012℃for minimum temperature annually.The projections of all the RCP climate scenarios for the years 2050 and 2080 indicated non-significant variation in precipitation but an increase in maximum(1.4 to 4.1℃)and minimum(1.45 to 4.65℃)annual temperatures.An increasing trend in area and production for horticultural crops is also observed in central India for the study period.There is yield increase in all the crops selected in case study except for potato,which recorded a decreased yield between the years 2010–2015.Conclusion:The Mann–Kendall test and projections indicate towards climate change with a temperature rise.Though the decadal study indicates an increasing trend in horticultural crops,the districts identified to be affected by climate change need to have a plan to lessen the horticultural loss in the state.This study contributes to understand-ing the future climate change trends and its impact on horticultural crop production to formulate various adaptation strategies.