Metagenomics and microbiome of infant:old and recent instincts

The human microbiota is made up of trillions of bacteria that live in the human being,whereas the microbiome is made up of the microbiota's genes and gene products.Bacteria have long been thought of as pathogens that eventually lead to human illness.Bacteria are increasingly recognized as generally beneficial commensal organisms and hence crucial to proper and healthy human development,thanks to breakthroughs in both cultivation-based approaches and the advent of metagenomics.This relatively new field of medical study has given more information on illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease,obesity,metabolic and atopic disorders.However,there is a lot we don't know about the complexities of microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions.Future work targeted at resolving crucial concerns about the early formation of the microbiome,in addition,what determines its dysbiosis,will most likely lead to long-term mitigation of health.In this article,review the research on prenatal and newborn microbiome modulations,the role of maternal and environmental variables on forming the newborn microbiome,and future issues and directions in the exciting new field of metagenomic medicine.

Zinc:an essential trace element for human health and beyond

Zinc is an essential element that plays a crucial role in the chemistry and biochemistry of living organisms.It serves as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and transcription factors,contributing to DNA synthesis,protein synthesis and cellular metabolism.Additionally,zinc acts as a structural component of proteins and participates in cellular signaling pathways.The chemistry of zinc is determined by its electronic configuration,and it readily forms coordination complexes with various ligands.This review explores the diverse functions of zinc in the body,including its involvement in enzyme activity,immunity,neutrophil function,modulation of allergies,its relationship with COVID-19,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,mental health,pregnancy and wound healing.Zinc has a history of use in traditional medicine systems,and its benefits and applications should be evaluated in the context of current scientific research and medical guidelines.Understanding the roles of zinc in these processes highlights its importance as an essential nutrient for overall health and provides insights into potential therapeutic applications.However,further advancement in understanding the biological function of zinc requires addressing certain limitations.These include overcoming methodological challenges,investigating tissue and cell-type specificity,understanding zinc interactions and redundancy,and employing integrated approaches,advanced imaging techniques,comparative studies,and systems biology approaches to gain a deeper understanding of zinc’s implications in health and disease.

Soil microbiome analysis

Introduction Soil is one of the most essential natural resources for humans,providing the foundation for agriculture and sustaining ecosystems.Microorganisms play a vital role in the health and productivity of soil,making them crucial to the well-being of the planet[1,2].