Objective:To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.Methods:Phytochemical constituents of Gl...Objective:To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.Methods:Phytochemical constituents of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively along with HPLC.Rats were divided into six groups.The normal control and the intoxicated groups received normal saline,and the standard group received imipramine,while the remaining groups received 100,300,and 500 mg/kg Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract.All groups received treatments for 14 d.Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)were then administered i.p.(0.83 mg/kg)to all groups except the normal control group.After 24 h,anxiety and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by performing behavioral analysis(open field,tail suspension,forced swim,sucrose preference test),and determining total oxidant status,total antioxidant capacity,catalase,and biochemical parameters[malondialdehyde,glutathione,superoxide dismutase,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha and interleukin(IL)-6].Results:Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of phenols and flavonoids and HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic acid,quercetin,chlorogenic,and caffeic acid.Total oxidant status was significantly decreased,while total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract treated groups.Moreover,Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract diminished malondialdehyde,IL-6,and TNF-alpha levels,while increasing superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione activities.Conclusions:Glinus lotoides ethanolic crude extract shows significant antidepressant activity by modulating oxidative and biochemical parameters that supports its folkloric use in traditional systems of medicine.展开更多
Coronavirus belonging to family Coronaviridae is a large group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases.The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus has created panic in the whole world after being trans...Coronavirus belonging to family Coronaviridae is a large group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases.The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus has created panic in the whole world after being transmitted from Wuhan,China in December 2019.A large number of people are affected throughout the world that forced a solitary situation in the affected areas confining common people to their homes to prevent its spread.Cellular receptors in humans for 2019-novel coronavirus are found to be same as for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,the first human pandemic of 21st century,however,2019-novel coronavirus is highly contagious,virulent and mutable than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.The most attractive site for vaccine development against 2019-novel coronavirus is the spike glycoprotein which is crucial for receptor binding,membrane fusion via conformational changes,virus internalization,and host tissue tropism or spike inactivation through antibody induced destabilization.First outbreak was in December 2019,later on at the end of 2020,the mortality ratio decreased that created a sigh of temporary relief in the globe.Summer season was considered as one of the sources combating infection and preventing spread of virus.However,for the last few months,suddenly a huge outrage of new variants of coronavirus disease 2019 are capturing attention of the entire population of earth endangering lives of people irrespective of their ages and communities.Researchers must focus on the inventions and discoveries of either preventive or therapeutic medicines that precisely target the spike proteins that enable the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2’s entry into a host cell.In this article,we have highlighted various vaccines being approved for emergency use by Federal Investigating Agency to combat the disastrous effects of pandemic on humanity.Mutated variants have created an alarming situation for the health care workers,researchers and scientists to consider the possible mutants and their threat to humanity in the coming years.Further,we have tried to create awareness for developing a global internet community to promote a barrier-free connectivity among all corners of the world to facilitate humanity in case of a category 5 coronavirus disease-hurricane,a term used by researchers for future threats of pandemic.展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.Methods:Phytochemical constituents of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively along with HPLC.Rats were divided into six groups.The normal control and the intoxicated groups received normal saline,and the standard group received imipramine,while the remaining groups received 100,300,and 500 mg/kg Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract.All groups received treatments for 14 d.Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)were then administered i.p.(0.83 mg/kg)to all groups except the normal control group.After 24 h,anxiety and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by performing behavioral analysis(open field,tail suspension,forced swim,sucrose preference test),and determining total oxidant status,total antioxidant capacity,catalase,and biochemical parameters[malondialdehyde,glutathione,superoxide dismutase,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha and interleukin(IL)-6].Results:Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of phenols and flavonoids and HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic acid,quercetin,chlorogenic,and caffeic acid.Total oxidant status was significantly decreased,while total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract treated groups.Moreover,Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract diminished malondialdehyde,IL-6,and TNF-alpha levels,while increasing superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione activities.Conclusions:Glinus lotoides ethanolic crude extract shows significant antidepressant activity by modulating oxidative and biochemical parameters that supports its folkloric use in traditional systems of medicine.
文摘Coronavirus belonging to family Coronaviridae is a large group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases.The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus has created panic in the whole world after being transmitted from Wuhan,China in December 2019.A large number of people are affected throughout the world that forced a solitary situation in the affected areas confining common people to their homes to prevent its spread.Cellular receptors in humans for 2019-novel coronavirus are found to be same as for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,the first human pandemic of 21st century,however,2019-novel coronavirus is highly contagious,virulent and mutable than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.The most attractive site for vaccine development against 2019-novel coronavirus is the spike glycoprotein which is crucial for receptor binding,membrane fusion via conformational changes,virus internalization,and host tissue tropism or spike inactivation through antibody induced destabilization.First outbreak was in December 2019,later on at the end of 2020,the mortality ratio decreased that created a sigh of temporary relief in the globe.Summer season was considered as one of the sources combating infection and preventing spread of virus.However,for the last few months,suddenly a huge outrage of new variants of coronavirus disease 2019 are capturing attention of the entire population of earth endangering lives of people irrespective of their ages and communities.Researchers must focus on the inventions and discoveries of either preventive or therapeutic medicines that precisely target the spike proteins that enable the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2’s entry into a host cell.In this article,we have highlighted various vaccines being approved for emergency use by Federal Investigating Agency to combat the disastrous effects of pandemic on humanity.Mutated variants have created an alarming situation for the health care workers,researchers and scientists to consider the possible mutants and their threat to humanity in the coming years.Further,we have tried to create awareness for developing a global internet community to promote a barrier-free connectivity among all corners of the world to facilitate humanity in case of a category 5 coronavirus disease-hurricane,a term used by researchers for future threats of pandemic.
