The Contingent Valuation Method in Excavation/Preservation the Ancient Eleusinian Sacred Way in Greece

The aim of this study is to estimate externalities created round a cultural heritage preservation site.A research was conducted concerning the ruins of an ancient‘Sacred Way’(Iera Odos)located in Attica,Greece.The sample of the research was 200 citizens(interviewees).It is used the CVM(Contingent Valuation Method)and Logit model of the regression analysis.The preservation of cultural heritage is entailing excessive cost(paid by people through taxation)while is a source of additional income for both,the State and the people,due to tourism.Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms,authors apply a modified version of the CVM(Contingent Valuation Method).The findings show there is strong evidence that at the 5%significance level,WTP(against WTA)is a better preferred course of action i.e.,leaving the ruins situation as it is,performing only the necessary remediation,proceeding with radical restoration.All statistical processing of answers,obtained through a properly designed/circulated questionnaire,was carried out by Logit model regression analysis.The model gave significant(at 0.05 levels)dependence of WTPar(Willingness to Participation)on preferred course of action(i.e.,leaving the ruins situation as is,performing only the necessary remediation,proceeding with radical restoration).

Economic Analysis of the Utilization of Disused Biomass from the Agricultural Activity in the Region of Thessaloniki

This paper aims to describe an environmental problem,the accumulation of waste biomass,which is a parameter of property devaluation and a reduction in the living standards of the inhabitants of the wider area of Thessaloniki.In this study,the respondents are 250 interviewees who answered the questions in the questionnaire.In the present study,the dependent WTA(Willingness to Accept)variable is determined in classes and is measured in an amount(currency units).After determining the minimum amount available to farmers(WTA)to participate in the collection and recovery of discarded biomass,averaged at€28.3.The economic analysis of the utilization of discharged biomass involves matching the environmental to the socio-economic benefit.A solution is proposed for the optimum disposal site of the discharged biomass by multicriteria selection including alternative options to address endogenous difficulties or external factors that necessitate a change in the first optimal solution.

Economic Analysis of Minimizing Environmental Cost Caused by Outdoor Advertising

The optimal consent ration Copt of pollutant advertising in the environment can be determined as an equilibrium point in the trade off between the environmental cost,due to impact on man/land/economy and the economic cost for environmental protection.These two conflict variables are internalized within the same techno-economic objective function of total cost,which is minimized.Last,sensitivity analysis of Copt as regards the impact of the increase of environmental information/sensitization and the decrease of interest rate reveals a shifting of Copt to lower and higher values,respectively,certain positive and negative implications(i.e.shifting of Copt to lower and higher values,respectively)caused by socioeconomic are also discussed.

^(1)H NMR tests on damaged and undamaged XLPE and SiR samples

Cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE)and silicone rubber(SiR)samples were subjected to a high-voltage AC stress plane-plane configuration and inclined plane test,respectively.The voltage was applied such that discharge was observed across the surface of the XLPE test sample for several hours and for visible damage to occur on SiR samples also after several hours.Selected stressed samples together with virgin samples from the same manufactured batch were tested using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.Specifically,^(1)H NMR spin-lattice(T_(1))and spin-spin(T_(2))relaxation time measurements were employed to examine potential changes in the chemical bonding of undamaged and damaged XLPE and SiR samples.Preliminary results show that there may be a moderate increase in the T_(1)and T_(2)values of the damaged samples in comparison with the undamaged ones.This raises the possibility that NMR can be a useful additional experimental tool in characterising material degradation.