Jejunal small ectopic pancreas developing into jejunojejunal intussusception:A rare cause of ileus

Intussusception is rare in adults. We describe a 62-year-old man with jejunal ectopic pancreas that led to jejunojejunal intussusception and ileus. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of intermittent abdominal pain. Plain abdominal radiography showed some intestinal gas and fluid levels. Abdominal CT scan demonstrated a target sign suggesting bowel intussusception. Jejunography using a naso-jejunal tube showed an oval-shaped mass about 15 mm in diameter with a smooth surface in the jejunum, which suggested a submucosal tumor (SMT), and edematous mucosa around the mass. Partial jejunal resection was carried out and the resected oval-shaped tumor, 14 mm×11 mm in size, was found to be covered with normal jejunal mucosa. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as type ectopic pancreas according to the classification proposed by Heinrich.Abdominal pain resolved postoperatively.This case reminds us that jejunal ectopic pancreas should be included in the differential diagnosis of intussusception caused by an SMT in the intestine.

Pedunculated Brunner's gland hamartoma of the duodenum causing upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

A case of pedunculated Brunner's gland hamartoma(BGH) of the duodenum causing upper gastrointestinal(GI) hemorrhage is reported.The patient was a 47-year-old man who visited our hospital for further evaluation of tarry stools and shortness of breath.Endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract revealed a large peduncular polyp with bleeding,about 30 mm in diameter,arising from the wall of the second portion of the duodenum.GI bleeding occurred from the base of the stalk of the polyp.Endoscopic polypectomy was performed.Histological examination of the specimen revealed that the main body of the polyp contained several lobules of mature Brunner's gland with areas of cystic dilatation.The surface epithelium consisted of normal duodenal mucosa with areas of focal ulceration.This polyp was diagnosed as a BGH.The symptom of tarry stools resolved after endoscopic resection.Our case shows that treatment is necessary for duodenal BGH if GI bleeding occurs.

An Efficient Sound and Data Steganography Based Secure Authentication System

The prodigious advancements in contemporary technologies have also brought in the situation of unprecedented cyber-attacks.Further,the pin-based security system is an inadequate mechanism for handling such a scenario.The reason is that hackers use multiple strategies for evading security systems and thereby gaining access to private data.This research proposes to deploy diverse approaches for authenticating and securing a connection amongst two devices/gadgets via sound,thereby disregarding the pins’manual verification.Further,the results demonstrate that the proposed approaches outperform conventional pin-based authentication or QR authentication approaches.Firstly,a random signal is encrypted,and then it is transformed into a wave file,after which it gets transmitted in a short burst via the device’s speakers.Subsequently,the other device/gadget captures these audio bursts through its microphone and decrypts the audio signal for getting the essential data for pairing.Besides,this model requires two devices/gadgets with speakers and a microphone,and no extra hardware such as a camera,for reading the QR code is required.The first module is tested with realtime data and generates high scores for the widely accepted accuracy metrics,including precision,Recall,F1 score,entropy,and mutual information(MI).Additionally,this work also proposes a module helps in a secured transmission of sensitive data by encrypting it over images and other files.This steganographic module includes two-stage encryption with two different encryption algorithms to transmit data by embedding inside a file.Several encryption algorithms and their combinations are taken for this system to compare the resultant file size.Both these systems engender high accuracies and provide secure connectivity,leading to a sustainable communication ecosystem.