Objective:To determine the healthcare utilization patterns and estimate the economic burden of animal bites in Golestan province,north part of Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed based on the data of...Objective:To determine the healthcare utilization patterns and estimate the economic burden of animal bites in Golestan province,north part of Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed based on the data of 12181 animal-bite patients from Golestan province who were referred to the rabies prophylaxis centers between March 2019 and March 2020.The study was a societal perspective,and all patients were investigated by census method.The micro-costing method with a bottom-up approach as well as the human capital approach were used to estimate the economic burden.Results:In our study,the economic burden caused by animal bites was estimated at$1383639(275354672060 Rials).The largest share of costs was related to direct healthcare costs,direct non-healthcare costs,and indirect costs accouting for 91%,5%,and 4%,respectively.In addition,the average cost of a animal-bite patient was estimated at$113.5(22605260 Rials)(The average cost of a case in type 2 and 3 exposures was$45 and$412.8,respectively).The largest share of direct healthcare costs was related to immunoglobulin,vaccine,and personnel expenses accounting for 61.3%,19.8%,and 11.65%,respectively.Conclusions:Our study shows that animal bites in Golestan province,north of Iran impose a high economic burden on the communities,especially the healthcare system,which indicates the need to review management and control programs of animal bites and rabies based on animal-bite patterns of the area.展开更多
Background Remdesivir is being studied and used to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to systematically identify,critically evaluate,and summarize the findings of the studies on the cost-effecti...Background Remdesivir is being studied and used to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to systematically identify,critically evaluate,and summarize the findings of the studies on the cost-effectiveness of remdesivir in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods In this systematic review,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,SCOPUS,and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2019 and 2022.We included all full economic evaluations of remdesivir for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Data were summarized in a structured and narrative manner.Results Out of 616 articles obtained in this literature search,12 studies were included in the final analysis.The mean score of the Quality of Health Economic Studies(QHES)for the studies was 87.66(high quality).All studies were conducted in high-income countries(eight studies in the USA and one study in England),except for three studies from middle-to-high-income countries(China,South Africa,and Turkey).Six studies conducted their economic analysis in terms of a health system perspective;five studies conducted their economic analysis from a payer perspective;three studies from the perspective of a health care provider.The results of five studies showed that remdesivir was cost-effective compared to standard treatment.Furthermore,the therapeutic strategy of combining remdesivir with baricitinib was cost-effective compared to remdesivir alone.Conclusions Based on the results of the present study,remdesivir appears to be cost-effective in comparison with the standard of care in China,Turkey,and South Africa.Studies conducted in the United States show conflicting results,and combining remdesivir with baricitinib is cost-effective compared with remdesivir alone.However,the cost-effectiveness of remdesivir in low-income countries remains unknown.Thus,more studies in different countries are required to determine the cost-effectiveness of this drug.展开更多
Background:Street children are forced to spend a lot of time away from their homes and some of them do not have homes at all,due to economic and family problems,which makes them exposed to many health problems,such as...Background:Street children are forced to spend a lot of time away from their homes and some of them do not have homes at all,due to economic and family problems,which makes them exposed to many health problems,such as the hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.Iran,like many other countries in the world,experiences the burden of street children,however,the rate of HCV among street children is virtually unknown.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran.Main body:This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.The study protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO under identification term CRD42018082336.A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify published studies reporting on the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran.Several international scholarly databases,including Web of Science,PubMed^(■)/MEDLINE^(■),Embase,Scopus®,Google Scholar and Directory of Open Access Journals,as well as Iranian databases such as MagIran and Barakathns were searched.Studies published between 1988 and December 2017 with any of the following keywords were selected:(street OR homeless OR labour)AND(children OR child OR infant)AND(hepatitis C OR hepatitis C virus OR HCV OR viral hepatitis OR hepatitis OR hepacivirus)AND Iran.Moreover,a grey literature search was performed in order to obtain other potentially relevant studies.The search was carried out without any language restrictions.Four studies,surveying a total of 1691 street children,conducted between 2006 and 2017 were found to be eligible for inclusion in the review and therefore analysed.Three studies were conducted in Tehran and one in Isfahan.The prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran was found to be high,at 2.4%(95%CI:1.8-3.3).Conclusions:Since the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran is quite high,health decision-and policy-makers should pay more attention to street children and widen support channels,both social and economic.Further studies should be conducted among street children in different cities of Iran to add to the knowledge base of HCV among street children in the country.The health system should provide facilities for street children to be screened to quickly diagnose illnesses and prevent them from developing complications.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the healthcare utilization patterns and estimate the economic burden of animal bites in Golestan province,north part of Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed based on the data of 12181 animal-bite patients from Golestan province who were referred to the rabies prophylaxis centers between March 2019 and March 2020.The study was a societal perspective,and all patients were investigated by census method.The micro-costing method with a bottom-up approach as well as the human capital approach were used to estimate the economic burden.Results:In our study,the economic burden caused by animal bites was estimated at$1383639(275354672060 Rials).The largest share of costs was related to direct healthcare costs,direct non-healthcare costs,and indirect costs accouting for 91%,5%,and 4%,respectively.In addition,the average cost of a animal-bite patient was estimated at$113.5(22605260 Rials)(The average cost of a case in type 2 and 3 exposures was$45 and$412.8,respectively).The largest share of direct healthcare costs was related to immunoglobulin,vaccine,and personnel expenses accounting for 61.3%,19.8%,and 11.65%,respectively.Conclusions:Our study shows that animal bites in Golestan province,north of Iran impose a high economic burden on the communities,especially the healthcare system,which indicates the need to review management and control programs of animal bites and rabies based on animal-bite patterns of the area.
文摘Background Remdesivir is being studied and used to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to systematically identify,critically evaluate,and summarize the findings of the studies on the cost-effectiveness of remdesivir in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods In this systematic review,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,SCOPUS,and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2019 and 2022.We included all full economic evaluations of remdesivir for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Data were summarized in a structured and narrative manner.Results Out of 616 articles obtained in this literature search,12 studies were included in the final analysis.The mean score of the Quality of Health Economic Studies(QHES)for the studies was 87.66(high quality).All studies were conducted in high-income countries(eight studies in the USA and one study in England),except for three studies from middle-to-high-income countries(China,South Africa,and Turkey).Six studies conducted their economic analysis in terms of a health system perspective;five studies conducted their economic analysis from a payer perspective;three studies from the perspective of a health care provider.The results of five studies showed that remdesivir was cost-effective compared to standard treatment.Furthermore,the therapeutic strategy of combining remdesivir with baricitinib was cost-effective compared to remdesivir alone.Conclusions Based on the results of the present study,remdesivir appears to be cost-effective in comparison with the standard of care in China,Turkey,and South Africa.Studies conducted in the United States show conflicting results,and combining remdesivir with baricitinib is cost-effective compared with remdesivir alone.However,the cost-effectiveness of remdesivir in low-income countries remains unknown.Thus,more studies in different countries are required to determine the cost-effectiveness of this drug.
基金This study was part of a PhD thesis supported by the School of Health Management,Iran University of Medical Sciences(ID:IUMS/SHMIS_1396/9423557001).
文摘Background:Street children are forced to spend a lot of time away from their homes and some of them do not have homes at all,due to economic and family problems,which makes them exposed to many health problems,such as the hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.Iran,like many other countries in the world,experiences the burden of street children,however,the rate of HCV among street children is virtually unknown.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran.Main body:This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.The study protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO under identification term CRD42018082336.A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify published studies reporting on the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran.Several international scholarly databases,including Web of Science,PubMed^(■)/MEDLINE^(■),Embase,Scopus®,Google Scholar and Directory of Open Access Journals,as well as Iranian databases such as MagIran and Barakathns were searched.Studies published between 1988 and December 2017 with any of the following keywords were selected:(street OR homeless OR labour)AND(children OR child OR infant)AND(hepatitis C OR hepatitis C virus OR HCV OR viral hepatitis OR hepatitis OR hepacivirus)AND Iran.Moreover,a grey literature search was performed in order to obtain other potentially relevant studies.The search was carried out without any language restrictions.Four studies,surveying a total of 1691 street children,conducted between 2006 and 2017 were found to be eligible for inclusion in the review and therefore analysed.Three studies were conducted in Tehran and one in Isfahan.The prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran was found to be high,at 2.4%(95%CI:1.8-3.3).Conclusions:Since the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran is quite high,health decision-and policy-makers should pay more attention to street children and widen support channels,both social and economic.Further studies should be conducted among street children in different cities of Iran to add to the knowledge base of HCV among street children in the country.The health system should provide facilities for street children to be screened to quickly diagnose illnesses and prevent them from developing complications.
