A Robust Resource Allocation Scheme for Device-to-Device Communications Based on Q-Learning

One of the most effective technology for the 5G mobile communications is Device-to-device(D2D)communication which is also called terminal pass-through technology.It can directly communicate between devices under the control of a base station and does not require a base station to forward it.The advantages of applying D2D communication technology to cellular networks are:It can increase the communication system capacity,improve the system spectrum efficiency,increase the data transmission rate,and reduce the base station load.Aiming at the problem of co-channel interference between the D2D and cellular users,this paper proposes an efficient algorithm for resource allocation based on the idea of Q-learning,which creates multi-agent learners from multiple D2D users,and the system throughput is determined from the corresponding state-learning of the Q value list and the maximum Q action is obtained through dynamic power for control for D2D users.The mutual interference between the D2D users and base stations and exact channel state information is not required during the Q-learning process and symmetric data transmission mechanism is adopted.The proposed algorithm maximizes the system throughput by controlling the power of D2D users while guaranteeing the quality-of-service of the cellular users.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves system performance as compared with existing algorithms.

伊斯兰无息银行发展历程及其融资模式

基于伊斯兰教法建立的伊斯兰银行在现今金融体系中快速发展,不仅在穆斯林国家发展成熟,而且也逐渐在非穆斯林国家流行起来。然而伊斯兰银行自建立以来,一直存在一定的争议,它们构筑起了独立于世界银行体系之外的小世界,树立起完全异于"世俗银行"的营运准则。因此,本文希望通过分析对比伊斯兰银行与传统银行、梳理伊斯兰银行在巴基斯坦和欧洲的发展历程、介绍伊斯兰银行的融资模式,使更多人对伊斯兰银行及其融资模式有所了解与认知。