基于网络药理学和分子对接研究蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒对帕金森病的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学方法挖掘蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒治疗帕金森病的主要活性成分和药物靶点,揭示其潜在的可能作用机制,并运用分子对接研究药物与靶点蛋白结合能力。方法:依据中药系统药理学分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSCP)挖掘额尔敦-乌日勒的活性成分及对应靶点,以药动参数生物利用度(oral bioavailability,OB)≥30%、类药性(drug-likeness,DL)≥0.18:为条件进行筛选,运用GeneCards、OMIM和TTD数据库筛选出额尔敦-乌日勒活性成分治疗帕金森病的可能靶点,运用Cytoscape 3.9.1绘制Venn图,借助STRING数据库绘制蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络图;应用微生信在线软件及Metascape数据库查找蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒潜在的活性成分及治疗帕金森病的潜在作用靶点,并将靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析,并将药物小分子和靶点蛋白进行分子对接。结果:蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒中筛选出DL及OB值好的活性成分118种,预测治疗帕金森病的靶点207个,GO功能富集分析及KEGG富集分析显示,蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒治疗帕金森病的机制主要涉及RNA聚合酶启动子转录的正调控、正调控DNA模板转录和调控基因表达等生物过程,其涉及的通路包括AKT1、TP53、TNF、VEGFA、CASP3等。结论:蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒治疗帕金森病是多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用结果,为蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒治疗帕金森病的进一步研究提供了理论依据。

蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒对心肌损伤的修复作用及机制探讨

目的:观察蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒对斑马鱼心脏损伤后再生作用及其可能作用机制,验证其治疗的有效性,为进一步研究蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒提供实验依据。方法:利用转基因鱼系Tg(vmhc:mCherry-NTR)经甲硝唑(MTZ)处理后建立心室损伤模型,把90只受精3 d(3 dpf,days post fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎随机分为对照组(DMSO,n=30)和心肌消融组(MTZ,n=30)以及心室损伤后额尔敦-乌日勒治疗组(MTZ+EW,n=30),治疗组在MTZ处理后24 h(24 hpt,24 hour post treatment)用蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒混悬液以25μg/mL治疗。3组在72 hpt检测细胞增殖,用共聚焦显微镜观察细胞增殖情况并定量分析,同时应用RT-qPCR分析一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的表达量。结果:治疗组斑马鱼胚胎经过蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒治疗后,心肌损伤后的再生修复比例明显上升,且再生心肌细胞的增殖速度较对照组加快、炎症因子表达量明显低于对照组。结论:蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒能够促进斑马鱼胚胎心肌细胞的修复再生,并促进心肌细胞的增殖,抑制心室损伤后的炎症反应。

Market opportunities do not explain the ability of herders to meet livelihood objectives over winter on the Mongolian Plateau

Drylands under pastoral land use are considered one of the most vulnerable social-ecological systems to global climate change,but the herders'abilities to adapt to the different extreme weather events have received little attention in the drylands.Herders on the Mongolian Plateau(MP;including Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and Mongolia),have had a long history of adapting climatic variability and extreme weather events.However,it is unclear how changes such as increased levels of infrastructure and market integration affect the ability of herders to achieve the key livelihood objectives:the minimisation of the death and abortion rates of livestock in the winter.Here,we used remotely sensed and household survey data to map,model and explore the climate exposure and sensitivity of herders in the settled area(Inner Mongolia of China)and nomadic area(Mongolia)in the winter of 2012–2013.We aimed to quantify the multi-scaled characteristics of both climate exposure and sensitivity through the lens of key adaptive strategies utilized by herders.Our results showed that the higher levels of infrastructure and market integration,and the lower levels of remoteness on the MP did not increase the herders'ability to achieve the key livelihood objectives.Our results also suggested that exposure to the snow that is comparatively greater than the long-term average(cumulative exposure)may be more important in determining the social-ecological vulnerability than absolute exposure.We suggested that neither the risk management strategies available to these herders,nor the demographic variables,could compensate for the mode of production governing the pastoral systems.Our study could provide further evidence for the complex and scaled nature of climate exposure and sensitivity,and the results imply that any analysis of the relationship among exposure,sensitivity and vulnerability of pastoral households to climate change in the drylands will require a multi-scaled and interdisciplinary approach.

Sensitivity of livelihood strategy to livestock production and marketization:An empirical analysis of grasslands in Inner Mongolia,China

Recent researches have primarily focused on the relationship between livelihood strategies and livelihood capital,with few empirical studies on the sensitivity of livelihood strategies to livestock production and marketization in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China.This study used an income distribution approach to categorize livelihood strategies of the respondents(n=394)into three types,i.e.,herder livelihood strategy(LS1),petty-herder livelihood strategy(LS2),and non-herder livelihood strategy(LS3).Using the multinomial logistic regression model,we compared livestock production and marketization across the three livelihood strategies.Our findings showed that(1)livestock production and marketization tended to favor LS1;(2)an increase in the land asset(contracted and rented grassland)and off-take rate increased the probability of households choosing LS1;(3)stocking rate was higher for LS1;and(4)the higher critical market-related risks perceived by herders were animal price and hay and corn price.Moreover,higher livestock price acted as a deterrent to diversifying into other livelihood strategies(LS2 and LS3).Finally,this study advocates for policies that will promote the land transfer market,adopt modern techniques in animal husbandry,improve the medium for disseminating market information to herders,and provide incentives for long-term livelihood transformation.

超顺磁性磁流体制备及工艺优化

本文通过共沉淀法结合油酸改性制备并表征Fe3O4磁流体。探究了乙醇洗涤工艺对磁流体的影响。结果显示:以25%浓氨水作为沉淀剂,Fe^3+/Fe^2+质量比为12∶5,通过共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米颗粒,然后加入油酸改性,再经过乙醇洗涤三次后所制备的磁流体纳米颗粒为规则的球形结构,粒径约为14.6 nm,且分散均匀,无团聚现象。本文所制备的磁流体矫正力为0,矫顽力为16.3 Oe,具有良好超顺磁性且最大饱和磁化强度为44.7 emu/g,具有良好磁学性能。

中国农作物秸秆产量及综合利用现状分析

为准确分析中国农作物秸秆产量及其综合利用现状,采取国家统计局发布的全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)谷物、豆类、薯类和棉花等作物产量,结合作物秸秆系数,对2009—2018年全国主要农作物秸秆产量进行测算。结果表明:2009—2018年中国秸秆产量增加12672.54万t,年增长率为2.01%,其中玉米秸秆贡献最大,2018年中国秸秆产量分布总体呈现东部和北部省(自治区、直辖市)高、西部和南部省(自治区、直辖市)低的特点,其中,河南省、山东省、黑龙江省、广西壮族自治区、江苏省和安徽省的产量高,北京市、上海市、天津市、浙江省、海南省、西藏自治区、青海省和宁夏回族自治区的产量低,中国耕地秸秆单产总体呈三级阶梯状分布,高产量地区集中在第三阶梯。综上所述,中国农作物秸秆产量巨大,需加大研发秸秆"五化"(秸秆肥料化、秸秆饲料化、秸秆能源化、秸秆基料化和秸秆原料化)利用核心关键技术,以提高综合利用效率。

荒漠草原牧户饲草供给特征及其与载畜率的相关分析

基于遥感数据与地面样方调查数据建立草地可食牧草量反演模型,并结合牧户调查数据计算牧户草地可食牧草量、饲草需求量、过度利用量、合理利用量等相关变量,主要分析了荒漠草原牧户全年、暖季和冷季放牧养殖饲草需求、供给与草地利用特征。结果表明:暖季和冷季的天然草地饲草供给都存在不平衡,购买饲草后仍然有饲草缺口。暖季饲草需求量大于冷季,草地过度利用程度达45.17%,合理利用量占需求量的比例为64.38%,过度利用量占需求量的比例为35.62%。冷季牧户总体未发生过度利用,合理利用量占需求量的74.10%,购买饲草占需求量的比例为35.25%。暖季载畜率大于0.99羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,过度利用草地可能成为主要的饲草供给来源。冷季载畜率大于0.59羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,虽然有购买饲草,但是仍然存在饲草缺口。总体来看,全年载畜率大于0.43羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,草地合理利用量与购买饲草量无法满足饲草需求。

基于基因调控网络对鸡胚皮肤发育的枢纽基因和关键通路分析

为挖掘脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中皮肤调控模式的改变,以鸡胚作为模型,利用来源于NCBI数据库的SRA数据子库中胚胎发育第6~21天的皮肤组织RNA-Seq数据进行聚类分析,在基因共表达网络、信号通路、蛋白互作网路3个层面基于网络拓扑属性逐步挖掘核心基因集,并分析核心基因集在不同发育阶段的互作网络变化。结果表明:1)鸡胚皮肤发育过程在基因谱水平上可分成5个阶段,分别为6~9d、10~12d、13~14d、15~17d和18~21d;2)功能富集分析表明发育早期的皮肤分化程度低、可塑性强,中期是皮肤毛囊发育关键期,最后4d为皮肤细胞外基质建立期,分子发育过程存在严格的顺序模式;3)在基因调控网络层面深度挖掘并筛选鸡胚皮肤发育的分子调控过程。综上,本研究根据网路拓扑属性结合蛋白互作数据库提出参与不同发育模块的关键枢纽基因,为转录组测序数据的分析及脊椎动物皮肤发育过程的分子机制研究提供一些新的视角和分析方法。