Typical plants and soils of four elevation zones, mountain tundra （Zone A）, Betula ermanii forest （Zone B）, mountain dark coniferous forest （Zone C）, and mountain coniferous and broad-leaf forest （Zone D）, alo...Typical plants and soils of four elevation zones, mountain tundra （Zone A）, Betula ermanii forest （Zone B）, mountain dark coniferous forest （Zone C）, and mountain coniferous and broad-leaf forest （Zone D）, along the vertical gradient of the northern mountain slope of the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, China, were sampled to study the relationship between plant and soil Pb, and to compare the Pb levels in typical plant types within the same elevation zone. The Pb contents in the soil and plant samples were measured by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average plant Pb contents of the four plant elevation zones were lower than the average worldwide level, except for Zone B. Compared with the average level in China or the average worldwide level, the soil Pb levels of the four plant zones were higher, with Zones D and B having the lowest and highest averages, respectively. Plant Pb levels fluctuated from the upper to the lower zones, in a pattern of low-high-low-high, which was the same as that of the soils in the four zones. Furthermore, plant Pb was closely related to soil Pb. Depending on the plant species and plant parts, large differences were found in the Pb levels of typical plants within each zone. In Zone A, Vaccinium uliginosum and Rhododendron redowskianum had higher Pb levels than the other plants. In Zone C, the Pb levels in the branches of both plant species were higher than those in the leaves, which was contrary to Zone D. In Zone B, the Pb levels in the plant parts varied greatly with plant species.展开更多
Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dyna...Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dynamic changes in landscape modification and conversion and their dynamic rates of alpine wetlands over the past four decades.The results showed that the landscape conversion between wetlands and non-wetlands mainly occurred during the period from 1966 to 1986.The marsh wetland area converted from lake and river wetlands was larger because of swamping compared to other wetland landscapes.Meanwhile,the larger area of marsh wetlands was also converted to lake wetlands more than other types of wetlands.The modification processes mainly occurred among natural wetland landscapes in the first three periods.Obvious conversions were observed between wetland and nonwetland landscapes(i.e.,forestland,grassland,and other landscapes) in the Zoige Plateau.These natural wetland landscapes such as river,lake and marsh wetlands showed a net loss over the past four decades,whereas artificial wetland landscapes(i.e.,paddy field and reservoir and pond wetlands) showed a net decrease.The annual dynamic rate of the whole wetland landscape was 0.72%,in which the annual dynamic rate of river wetlands was the highest,followed by lake wetlands,while marsh wetlands had the lowest dynamic rate.The integrated landscape dynamic rate showed a decreasing trend in the first three periods.The changes in wetland landscape patterns were comprehensively controlled by natural factors and human activities,especially human activities play an important role in changing wetland landscape patterns.展开更多
海草床是全球分布最广泛的滨海湿地生态系统,提供着重要的生态服务功能。但是近年来,在人类活动和气候变化的双重作用下,海草床不断退化。食物网是海草床生态系统的重要组成部分,研究食物网营养级之间的相互作用关系对于海草床的生物多...海草床是全球分布最广泛的滨海湿地生态系统,提供着重要的生态服务功能。但是近年来,在人类活动和气候变化的双重作用下,海草床不断退化。食物网是海草床生态系统的重要组成部分,研究食物网营养级之间的相互作用关系对于海草床的生物多样性和稳定性具有重要的意义。通过检索Web of Science和CNKI数据库中收录的海草床食物网营养级相互作用关系的相关文献,从研究区域、种类分布、营养级相互作用类型、环境影响因子以及研究方法等方面进行了文献分析,以期阐明国内外海草床食物网营养级研究相关进展。结果表明:目前的主要研究区域具有一定的地域性,以保护和恢复较好的区域为主;研究的海草种类主要为广泛分布的种类;研究的相互作用类型主要为食物网的部分环节,缺乏对整个营养级动态变化的研究;研究考虑的环境因子主要是富营养化的影响,而对于其他环境因子的动态变化涉及较少;目前的研究方法以模拟实验为主,多偏向于静态或者短期的模拟,缺乏对长期动态变化过程的模拟研究。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Nos. 2003CB415104 and 2006CB403301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50239020).
文摘Typical plants and soils of four elevation zones, mountain tundra （Zone A）, Betula ermanii forest （Zone B）, mountain dark coniferous forest （Zone C）, and mountain coniferous and broad-leaf forest （Zone D）, along the vertical gradient of the northern mountain slope of the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, China, were sampled to study the relationship between plant and soil Pb, and to compare the Pb levels in typical plant types within the same elevation zone. The Pb contents in the soil and plant samples were measured by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average plant Pb contents of the four plant elevation zones were lower than the average worldwide level, except for Zone B. Compared with the average level in China or the average worldwide level, the soil Pb levels of the four plant zones were higher, with Zones D and B having the lowest and highest averages, respectively. Plant Pb levels fluctuated from the upper to the lower zones, in a pattern of low-high-low-high, which was the same as that of the soils in the four zones. Furthermore, plant Pb was closely related to soil Pb. Depending on the plant species and plant parts, large differences were found in the Pb levels of typical plants within each zone. In Zone A, Vaccinium uliginosum and Rhododendron redowskianum had higher Pb levels than the other plants. In Zone C, the Pb levels in the branches of both plant species were higher than those in the leaves, which was contrary to Zone D. In Zone B, the Pb levels in the plant parts varied greatly with plant species.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 51179006)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (Grant No.51125035)+2 种基金National Science Foundation for Innovative Research Group (Grant No. 51121003)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT-10-0235)the Fok Ying Tung Foundation (Grant No. 132009)
文摘Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dynamic changes in landscape modification and conversion and their dynamic rates of alpine wetlands over the past four decades.The results showed that the landscape conversion between wetlands and non-wetlands mainly occurred during the period from 1966 to 1986.The marsh wetland area converted from lake and river wetlands was larger because of swamping compared to other wetland landscapes.Meanwhile,the larger area of marsh wetlands was also converted to lake wetlands more than other types of wetlands.The modification processes mainly occurred among natural wetland landscapes in the first three periods.Obvious conversions were observed between wetland and nonwetland landscapes(i.e.,forestland,grassland,and other landscapes) in the Zoige Plateau.These natural wetland landscapes such as river,lake and marsh wetlands showed a net loss over the past four decades,whereas artificial wetland landscapes(i.e.,paddy field and reservoir and pond wetlands) showed a net decrease.The annual dynamic rate of the whole wetland landscape was 0.72%,in which the annual dynamic rate of river wetlands was the highest,followed by lake wetlands,while marsh wetlands had the lowest dynamic rate.The integrated landscape dynamic rate showed a decreasing trend in the first three periods.The changes in wetland landscape patterns were comprehensively controlled by natural factors and human activities,especially human activities play an important role in changing wetland landscape patterns.
文摘海草床是全球分布最广泛的滨海湿地生态系统,提供着重要的生态服务功能。但是近年来,在人类活动和气候变化的双重作用下,海草床不断退化。食物网是海草床生态系统的重要组成部分,研究食物网营养级之间的相互作用关系对于海草床的生物多样性和稳定性具有重要的意义。通过检索Web of Science和CNKI数据库中收录的海草床食物网营养级相互作用关系的相关文献,从研究区域、种类分布、营养级相互作用类型、环境影响因子以及研究方法等方面进行了文献分析,以期阐明国内外海草床食物网营养级研究相关进展。结果表明:目前的主要研究区域具有一定的地域性,以保护和恢复较好的区域为主;研究的海草种类主要为广泛分布的种类;研究的相互作用类型主要为食物网的部分环节,缺乏对整个营养级动态变化的研究;研究考虑的环境因子主要是富营养化的影响,而对于其他环境因子的动态变化涉及较少;目前的研究方法以模拟实验为主,多偏向于静态或者短期的模拟,缺乏对长期动态变化过程的模拟研究。
