土霉素是一种典型的抗生素类新污染物,具有使用量大、生态毒性强等特点,其环境基准标准和水生态风险受到学界广泛关注.本文基于美国毒理数据库、Web of Science、中国知网等相关数据库,收集整理了土霉素对我国淡水生物的毒性数据和水环...土霉素是一种典型的抗生素类新污染物,具有使用量大、生态毒性强等特点,其环境基准标准和水生态风险受到学界广泛关注.本文基于美国毒理数据库、Web of Science、中国知网等相关数据库,收集整理了土霉素对我国淡水生物的毒性数据和水环境暴露数据,制定了保护淡水生物的水质基准,并进行了风险评估.结果表明:(1)依据《中国动物志》和《淡水生物水质基准推导技术指南》等,对毒性数据的物种和试验条件进行筛选,最终土霉素急性毒性数据涉及5门10科13种,最敏感物种为模糊网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia dubia);慢性数据涉及3门9科10种,最敏感物种为水蕴草(Egeria densa).(2)物种敏感度分布法研究表明,急性数据符合逻辑斯蒂分布模型,推导出的短期水质基准为61.2μg/L;慢性毒性数据符合正态分布模型,推导出的长期水质基准为18.7μg/L.(3)毒性百分数排序法推导的基准最大浓度为34.0μg/L,基准连续浓度为7.4μg/L.(4)共搜集近15年(2007年1月—2022年3月)我国主要水体土霉素浓度数据803条,浓度范围为0.1~97433.8 ng/L,北方流域的土霉素浓度整体高于南方,采用风险熵值法和概率法的研究表明,土霉素污染对我国淡水生物的环境风险整体较低,仅海河的子牙河支流生态风险较高(风险熵RQ>1).结合基准及我国污染特点,认为我国保护淡水生物的土霉素地表水环境质量标准建议值为18.7μg/L.研究结果对土霉素等新污染物的环境管理、风险评估以及本土物种保护的水质标准制订具有借鉴作用.展开更多
铜在实际水环境中的毒性效应受多种环境理化要素影响,识别典型环境因子进而建立生物有效性模型是获得“原位”水质基准的基础.国际上广泛应用的生物配位体模型(biotic ligand model,BLM)在实际使用过程中有局限性.本研究旨在BLM模型的...铜在实际水环境中的毒性效应受多种环境理化要素影响,识别典型环境因子进而建立生物有效性模型是获得“原位”水质基准的基础.国际上广泛应用的生物配位体模型(biotic ligand model,BLM)在实际使用过程中有局限性.本研究旨在BLM模型的基础上,探究更适用于铜的“原位”毒性校正方法,以更少的环境因子降低环境监管过程的经济和技术成本,为“因地制宜”确定金属水质基准提供理论依据和技术支撑.同时基于4门22种水生生物的慢性毒性数据,以影响铜生物有效性的关键水化学参数为自变量,即硬度(hardness,H)、pH和溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC),采用带有交互项的3种逐步多元线性回归(Multiple Linear Regression,MLR)方法建模,从9个模型中筛选出最佳预测模型〔R^(2)=0.5531,F=61.23,P<0.0001,AIC(赤池信息准则,Akaike information criterion)=0.9457,BIC(贝叶斯信息准则,Bayesian information criterion)=23.43〕.并参考我国典型流域水环境特征,正交设计216组水环境条件,对所有物种的慢性毒性值(chronic toxicity value,CTV)进行模型校正.结果表明:①以预测准确率(RFx,2.0)为评价指标,MLR模型较BLM模型提升了20%,MLR模型残差分析的等级评分也优于BLM模型.②确定最佳模型为Sigmoidal-Weibull函数(R^(2)=0.9861,F=1609,P<0.001),构建的三环境因子耦合的基准预测模型准确度高(R^(2)=0.9902,RMSE=0.04106,F=7238,P<0.001).③主要环境因子(H、pH和DOC)只使得SSD曲线水平移动〔与中心(Xc)有关〕,曲线形状无影响〔振幅(A)、指数(d)和协同系数(k)恒定〕.④在模型的适用范围内,我国流域水体中铜的长期水质基准为4.619~53.75μg/L.研究显示,基于BLM模型框架的新MLR模型,具有高稳健性和准确性,有助于体现流域水生态管理的区域性差异.展开更多
进入21世纪以来,环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs)逐渐引起全世界的关注.为系统梳理EDCs领域文章的知识结构与研究脉络,探究EDCs的研究热点与未来趋势,以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)...进入21世纪以来,环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs)逐渐引起全世界的关注.为系统梳理EDCs领域文章的知识结构与研究脉络,探究EDCs的研究热点与未来趋势,以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)与Web of Science(WoS)数据库中关于EDCs的文章为原始数据,分别检索到1952与11646篇相关文章,检索截止日期为2021年6月25日.采用文献计量学方法,使用CiteSpace软件对文献进行可视化分析,分析文章的关键词、来源期刊、学科领域、国家机构和引用文献等,结果表明:①国际上对EDCs的研究已有近30年的历史,大致可分为早期探索(1991-2000年)、深入研究(2001-2011年)和扩展研究(2012-2021年)3个阶段,其研究热度与每年发文量均呈稳定增长趋势.②EDCs的环境行为与毒理效应机制是国内外研究的焦点,尤其是双酚A类似物和苯甲酸酯类物质.③美国和中国发表的EDCs相关文章较多,发文量分别为2483和1822篇.关注EDCs研究的国家以欧美地区的发达国家为主;中国科学院大学与美国环境保护局为发表相关文章较多的机构,发文量分别为319和222篇.④Environmental Health Perspectives是发文量最多的期刊,“环境科学”与“毒理学”是发文量最多的学科领域.研究显示,国内外在EDCs领域的研究脉络大致相同,主要集中在双酚A、壬基酚等EDCs的毒性效应、机制以及环境检测领域,未来还应加强EDCs复合暴露及毒性修复的研究.展开更多
Six hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions were isolated using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, and were extensively characterized. Partition coefficients of perylene, phenanthrene and anthracene binding to the six fractions we...Six hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions were isolated using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, and were extensively characterized. Partition coefficients of perylene, phenanthrene and anthracene binding to the six fractions were determined by fluorescence quenching titration. The Kdoc values obtained for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) binding to the hydrophobic fractions were larger than those to the hydrophilic fractions. Nonlinear Stern-Volmer plots were observed when binding phenanthrene and anthracene to some hydrophilic fraction samples, suggesting saturation of polar interaction binding sites. A significant correlation of logKdoc values with molecular weights and molar absorptivities at 280 nm was observed, while atomic ratio of C/H was found to be a poor indicator for aromaticity. Other structural descriptors such as paraffinic carbon and polarity influenced the DOM-fraction ability to bind PAHs. Different interaction mechanisms underlying binding of the different fractions to the PAHs were also discussed.展开更多
Strong interaction between natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Hg(Ⅱ) may influence the trans- port, conversion, toxicity and bio-validity of mercury in the environment. In this paper ultraviolet (UV) absorbanc...Strong interaction between natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Hg(Ⅱ) may influence the trans- port, conversion, toxicity and bio-validity of mercury in the environment. In this paper ultraviolet (UV) absorbance titration was employed for the first time for the determination of the conditional stability constants of Hg(Ⅱ) and (DOM). With increasing Hg(Ⅱ) concentrations, the UV absorbance of fulvic acid, humic acid, and DOM in river increases progressively. By linear and non-linear model fitting, the conditional stability constants (lgK) of Hg(Ⅱ) and DOM were worked out to be 3.54?4.93 and 3.64?4.85, respectively. The results are consistent with those acquired by the typical fluorescence quenching titration method, with the maximum relative error of lgK being 2.6% and the average relative error being 0.2%. The UV absorbance titration method has the advantages of rapid determination, simple performance, and it will probably become a new approach to studying interactions between DOM and trace metallic ions.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most interesting and difficult problems in recent years due to its important functions in the ecological and environmental system and the complexity of its chemical composi...Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most interesting and difficult problems in recent years due to its important functions in the ecological and environmental system and the complexity of its chemical composition and structure. It is well ac- cepted that fluorescence characteristics and mo- lecular weight distribution are two important pa- rameters in the DOM characterization. However, the relationship between them is still unknown. In this study, fluorescence and molecular weight distribution of DOM in Lake Hongfeng, Lake Baihua and their rivers, and their relationship were investigated using the combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with on-line UV absorbance and fluores- cence detectors. The results show that there were two obvious humic-like fluorescence peaks (Peaks A and B) in DOM from lake water. But there was an- other obvious protein-like fluorescence peak (Peak C) in DOM from river water. The humic-like fluorescence material consisted of DOM fraction with smaller mo- lecular weight, ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 kDa, while the protein-like fluorescence material mainly consisted of DOM fraction with MW larger than 2.0 kDa. The cal- culation of MW using HPSEC was related to the UV absorbance wavelength chosen.展开更多
文摘铜在实际水环境中的毒性效应受多种环境理化要素影响,识别典型环境因子进而建立生物有效性模型是获得“原位”水质基准的基础.国际上广泛应用的生物配位体模型(biotic ligand model,BLM)在实际使用过程中有局限性.本研究旨在BLM模型的基础上,探究更适用于铜的“原位”毒性校正方法,以更少的环境因子降低环境监管过程的经济和技术成本,为“因地制宜”确定金属水质基准提供理论依据和技术支撑.同时基于4门22种水生生物的慢性毒性数据,以影响铜生物有效性的关键水化学参数为自变量,即硬度(hardness,H)、pH和溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC),采用带有交互项的3种逐步多元线性回归(Multiple Linear Regression,MLR)方法建模,从9个模型中筛选出最佳预测模型〔R^(2)=0.5531,F=61.23,P<0.0001,AIC(赤池信息准则,Akaike information criterion)=0.9457,BIC(贝叶斯信息准则,Bayesian information criterion)=23.43〕.并参考我国典型流域水环境特征,正交设计216组水环境条件,对所有物种的慢性毒性值(chronic toxicity value,CTV)进行模型校正.结果表明:①以预测准确率(RFx,2.0)为评价指标,MLR模型较BLM模型提升了20%,MLR模型残差分析的等级评分也优于BLM模型.②确定最佳模型为Sigmoidal-Weibull函数(R^(2)=0.9861,F=1609,P<0.001),构建的三环境因子耦合的基准预测模型准确度高(R^(2)=0.9902,RMSE=0.04106,F=7238,P<0.001).③主要环境因子(H、pH和DOC)只使得SSD曲线水平移动〔与中心(Xc)有关〕,曲线形状无影响〔振幅(A)、指数(d)和协同系数(k)恒定〕.④在模型的适用范围内,我国流域水体中铜的长期水质基准为4.619~53.75μg/L.研究显示,基于BLM模型框架的新MLR模型,具有高稳健性和准确性,有助于体现流域水生态管理的区域性差异.
文摘进入21世纪以来,环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs)逐渐引起全世界的关注.为系统梳理EDCs领域文章的知识结构与研究脉络,探究EDCs的研究热点与未来趋势,以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)与Web of Science(WoS)数据库中关于EDCs的文章为原始数据,分别检索到1952与11646篇相关文章,检索截止日期为2021年6月25日.采用文献计量学方法,使用CiteSpace软件对文献进行可视化分析,分析文章的关键词、来源期刊、学科领域、国家机构和引用文献等,结果表明:①国际上对EDCs的研究已有近30年的历史,大致可分为早期探索(1991-2000年)、深入研究(2001-2011年)和扩展研究(2012-2021年)3个阶段,其研究热度与每年发文量均呈稳定增长趋势.②EDCs的环境行为与毒理效应机制是国内外研究的焦点,尤其是双酚A类似物和苯甲酸酯类物质.③美国和中国发表的EDCs相关文章较多,发文量分别为2483和1822篇.关注EDCs研究的国家以欧美地区的发达国家为主;中国科学院大学与美国环境保护局为发表相关文章较多的机构,发文量分别为319和222篇.④Environmental Health Perspectives是发文量最多的期刊,“环境科学”与“毒理学”是发文量最多的学科领域.研究显示,国内外在EDCs领域的研究脉络大致相同,主要集中在双酚A、壬基酚等EDCs的毒性效应、机制以及环境检测领域,未来还应加强EDCs复合暴露及毒性修复的研究.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2008CB418200)the National Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-yw-102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40525011, 40632011)
文摘Six hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions were isolated using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, and were extensively characterized. Partition coefficients of perylene, phenanthrene and anthracene binding to the six fractions were determined by fluorescence quenching titration. The Kdoc values obtained for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) binding to the hydrophobic fractions were larger than those to the hydrophilic fractions. Nonlinear Stern-Volmer plots were observed when binding phenanthrene and anthracene to some hydrophilic fraction samples, suggesting saturation of polar interaction binding sites. A significant correlation of logKdoc values with molecular weights and molar absorptivities at 280 nm was observed, while atomic ratio of C/H was found to be a poor indicator for aromaticity. Other structural descriptors such as paraffinic carbon and polarity influenced the DOM-fraction ability to bind PAHs. Different interaction mechanisms underlying binding of the different fractions to the PAHs were also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（Grant Nos.40525011,40632011）；the International Cooperation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Strong interaction between natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Hg(Ⅱ) may influence the trans- port, conversion, toxicity and bio-validity of mercury in the environment. In this paper ultraviolet (UV) absorbance titration was employed for the first time for the determination of the conditional stability constants of Hg(Ⅱ) and (DOM). With increasing Hg(Ⅱ) concentrations, the UV absorbance of fulvic acid, humic acid, and DOM in river increases progressively. By linear and non-linear model fitting, the conditional stability constants (lgK) of Hg(Ⅱ) and DOM were worked out to be 3.54?4.93 and 3.64?4.85, respectively. The results are consistent with those acquired by the typical fluorescence quenching titration method, with the maximum relative error of lgK being 2.6% and the average relative error being 0.2%. The UV absorbance titration method has the advantages of rapid determination, simple performance, and it will probably become a new approach to studying interactions between DOM and trace metallic ions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40525011,40403011)973 Projects(Grant No.2002CB412300)the National Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-W1).
文摘Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most interesting and difficult problems in recent years due to its important functions in the ecological and environmental system and the complexity of its chemical composition and structure. It is well ac- cepted that fluorescence characteristics and mo- lecular weight distribution are two important pa- rameters in the DOM characterization. However, the relationship between them is still unknown. In this study, fluorescence and molecular weight distribution of DOM in Lake Hongfeng, Lake Baihua and their rivers, and their relationship were investigated using the combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with on-line UV absorbance and fluores- cence detectors. The results show that there were two obvious humic-like fluorescence peaks (Peaks A and B) in DOM from lake water. But there was an- other obvious protein-like fluorescence peak (Peak C) in DOM from river water. The humic-like fluorescence material consisted of DOM fraction with smaller mo- lecular weight, ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 kDa, while the protein-like fluorescence material mainly consisted of DOM fraction with MW larger than 2.0 kDa. The cal- culation of MW using HPSEC was related to the UV absorbance wavelength chosen.
