为开发一种适合老年人群食用的老年营养鱼肉肠(nutritious fish sausage for the elderly,NFSE),以富含优质蛋白的鱼糜、虾肉和鸡胸肉为主料,以质构特性为响应值,采用正交试验(L9(3^4))法筛选南瓜粉、菊粉、胡萝卜粉和全土豆粉的最适添...为开发一种适合老年人群食用的老年营养鱼肉肠(nutritious fish sausage for the elderly,NFSE),以富含优质蛋白的鱼糜、虾肉和鸡胸肉为主料,以质构特性为响应值,采用正交试验(L9(3^4))法筛选南瓜粉、菊粉、胡萝卜粉和全土豆粉的最适添加比例。应用模糊数学法对最优配比制备的产品进行感官评定,并对其做质地剖面分析和营养学评价。结果表明:南瓜粉、菊粉、胡萝卜粉和全土豆粉的最优添加量分别为肉总质量的1.0%、1.0%、1.2%和0.5%,按此比例加工的NFSE产品模糊数学评定值为52.7%,凝胶强度和硬度适中,蛋白质含量高(18.2g/100g);产品中必需氨基酸/总氨基酸为38.7%,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为63.0%,必需氨基酸指数为70.97,第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(基于化学评分)或苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸(基于氨基酸评分);9种不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的77.02%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的38.08%;检测出的13种维生素中VE含量最高(2.37mg/100g),总膳食纤维含量为3.88%。展开更多
In this paper,the authors study the fully distributed event-triggering consensus problem for multi-agent systems with linear time-varying dynamics,where each agent is described by a linear time-varying system.An adapt...In this paper,the authors study the fully distributed event-triggering consensus problem for multi-agent systems with linear time-varying dynamics,where each agent is described by a linear time-varying system.An adaptive event-triggering protocol is proposed for time-varying multi-agent systems under directed graph.Based on the Gramian matrix of linear time-varying systems,the design of control gain is done and sufficient conditions ensuring the consensus of linear time-varying multiagent systems are obtained.It is shown that the coupling strength is closely related to the triggering condition.When it comes to undirected graph,it is shown that the coupling strength is independent on the triggering condition and thus the design procedure is of more freedom than the directed case.In addition,it is also proved that Zeno behaviours can be excluded in the proposed protocols.A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.展开更多
文摘为开发一种适合老年人群食用的老年营养鱼肉肠(nutritious fish sausage for the elderly,NFSE),以富含优质蛋白的鱼糜、虾肉和鸡胸肉为主料,以质构特性为响应值,采用正交试验(L9(3^4))法筛选南瓜粉、菊粉、胡萝卜粉和全土豆粉的最适添加比例。应用模糊数学法对最优配比制备的产品进行感官评定,并对其做质地剖面分析和营养学评价。结果表明:南瓜粉、菊粉、胡萝卜粉和全土豆粉的最优添加量分别为肉总质量的1.0%、1.0%、1.2%和0.5%,按此比例加工的NFSE产品模糊数学评定值为52.7%,凝胶强度和硬度适中,蛋白质含量高(18.2g/100g);产品中必需氨基酸/总氨基酸为38.7%,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为63.0%,必需氨基酸指数为70.97,第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(基于化学评分)或苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸(基于氨基酸评分);9种不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的77.02%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的38.08%;检测出的13种维生素中VE含量最高(2.37mg/100g),总膳食纤维含量为3.88%。
文摘为研究由不同来源的原料肉加工成的鱼肉肠,在感官品质、营养品质及凝胶特性等方面的异同,选用单一原料组:(1)未经漂洗的革胡子鲶鱼新鲜鱼肉(Catfish,C组),(2)未经漂洗的斑点叉尾鮰鱼新鲜鱼肉(Ietalurus Punetaus,IP组),(3)冷冻红鲛海水鱼糜(Frozen red shark seawater surimi,SS组);复合原料组:(4)SSC组(SS:C=1:1),(5)SSP组(SS:IP=1:1),(6)SFS组(SS:冷冻白鲢淡水鱼糜(Frozen white carp water surimi,FS)=1:1),分别作为加工鱼肉肠的原料肉制成6组鱼肉肠,对其进行感官评定、营养成分分析、理化指标和凝胶特性的测定。结果表明,6组鱼肉肠中SS组综合指标表现最优,感官评定(93.8分)、白度(Whiteness,W)值(68.96)、持水力(86.85%)和凝胶强度(797.73g.cm)最高,硬度、咀嚼度、弹性和黏聚性适中,驰豫时间T22最短(54.11 ms),P22最高(96.37%),但SS组的蛋白质和脂肪含量显著低于C组和IP组(P<0.05);C组的蛋白质(17.84%)和脂肪(7.22%)含量最高,质构特性表现在硬度和咀嚼度较高,但弹性、黏聚性和回复性较低,凝胶破裂力(918.97 g)和凝胶强度(737.99 g.cm)高,驰豫时间T22适中(72.81 ms),但P22低(87.49%),W值和持水力最低;IP组各项综合指标最差,其次是SSP组;SFS组鱼肉肠品质良好,所以是实际生产中常采用的原料配比;SSC组的原料是C和SS按1:1比例复配,各项指标表现优良,提高了鱼肉肠的蛋白和脂肪含量,弥补了W值和持水力的不足,驰豫时间T22缩短(70.67 ms),P22含量提高(94.19%),所以将革胡子鲶鱼生鲜鱼糜和冷冻海水鱼糜复配切实可行,可为鱼糜制品的生产开辟新的原料资源。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61873230 and 61673176。
文摘In this paper,the authors study the fully distributed event-triggering consensus problem for multi-agent systems with linear time-varying dynamics,where each agent is described by a linear time-varying system.An adaptive event-triggering protocol is proposed for time-varying multi-agent systems under directed graph.Based on the Gramian matrix of linear time-varying systems,the design of control gain is done and sufficient conditions ensuring the consensus of linear time-varying multiagent systems are obtained.It is shown that the coupling strength is closely related to the triggering condition.When it comes to undirected graph,it is shown that the coupling strength is independent on the triggering condition and thus the design procedure is of more freedom than the directed case.In addition,it is also proved that Zeno behaviours can be excluded in the proposed protocols.A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
