2010-2019年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病的流行病学特征分析

背景与目的肺癌是中国发病率最高、疾病负担最重的恶性肿瘤。近年来,肺癌呈高发趋势,严重影响人群健康。本文通过分析甘肃省肿瘤登记地区2019年肺癌发病特征及2010-2019年发病率趋势,为甘肃省肺癌防控策略制定提供参考依据。方法通过分析甘肃省肿瘤登记地区2019年肺癌发病个案,计算发病率、中标发病率、世标发病率等相关指标;采用Joinpoint计算年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC),进行趋势分析。结果2019年甘肃省共报告肺癌新发病例3757例,占所有新发恶性肿瘤的14.96%,肺癌发病率、中标率、世标率分别为40.52/10万、30.91/10万和25.86/10万,0-74岁累积率、35-64岁截缩率分别为3.23%和40.03/10万。肺癌发病随着年龄增长而上升,在≥40岁组高发,男、女性人群分别在≥75岁组、≥80岁组达到发病高峰。2010-2019年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区肺癌粗发病率总体呈上升趋势,且上升速度较快,APC为5.39%(P<0.05);分别按照性别、城乡进行统计,各人群肺癌发病率均呈上升趋势,男性、女性、城市、农村人群APC分别为4.98%、6.39%、6.26%和4.64%(P均<0.05)。按照年龄组肺癌发病率进行趋势分析,仅≥65岁组人群肺癌发病以年均4.15%的速度上升(P<0.05)。结论2010-2019年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,不同性别、地区及年龄组人群肺癌发病存在差异,应针对肺癌发病重点人群开展综合防控工作。

Effect of intermittent joint distribution on the mechanical and acoustic behavior of rock masses

The mechanical characteristics and acoustic behavior of rock masses are greatly influenced by stochastic joints.In this study,numerical models of rock masses incorporating intermittent joints with different numbers and dip angles were produced using the finite element method(FEM)with the intrinsic cohesive zone model(ICZM).Then,the uniaxial compressive and wave propagation simulations were performed.The results indicate that the joint number and dip angle can affect the mechanical and acoustic properties of the models.The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)and wave velocity of rock masses decrease monotonically as the joint number increases.However,the wave velocity grows monotonically as the joint dip angle increases.When the joint dip angle is 45°–60°,the UCS of the rock mass is lower than that of other dip angles.The wave velocity parallel to the joints is greater than that perpendicular to the joints.When the dip angle of joints remains unchanged,the UCS and wave velocity are positively related.When the joint dip angle increases,the variation amplitude of the UCS regarding the wave velocity increases.To reveal the effect of the joint distribution on the velocity,a theoretical model was also proposed.According to the theoretical wave velocity,the change in wave velocity of models with various joint numbers and dip angles was consistent with the simulation results.Furthermore,a theoretical indicator(i.e.fabric tensor)was adopted to analyze the variation of the wave velocity and UCS.

Intestinal Microecology in Children with Pneumonia: The Relationship Between Digestive Health and Disease Recovery

This paper explores the association between intestinal microecology and digestive health and disease recovery in children with pneumonia.Intestinal microecological imbalance is common in children with pneumonia,which is closely associated with digestive health and disease recovery.Intestinal microecological imbalance may affect digestive enzyme activity,intestinal mucosal barrier function,and nutrient absorption,which in turn affects digestive health.In addition,intestinal microecological imbalances may be associated with immune regulation,inflammatory responses,and pathogen suppression,affecting disease recovery.Strategies to regulate intestinal microecology include probiotic supplementation,dietary modification,and pharmacological treatment.Currently,the study of intestinal microecology in children with pneumonia faces challenges,and there is a need for improved research methods,individualized treatment strategies,and the development of novel probiotics.In conclusion,the intestinal microecology of children with pneumonia is closely related to digestive health and disease recovery,and the regulation of intestinal microecology is of great significance to the treatment of children with pneumonia.Furthermore,future research should further explore the application of the microecology of the intestinal microecology in the treatment of children with pneumonia.

Hydrogen inhibition effect of chitosan and sodium phosphate on ZK60 waste dust in a wet dust removal system:A feasible way to control hydrogen explosion

Wet dust removal systems used to control dust in the polishing or grinding process of Mg alloy products are frequently associated with potential hydrogen explosion caused by magnesium-water reaction.For purpose of avoiding hydrogen explosion risks,we try to use a combination of chitosan(CS)and sodium phosphate(SP)to inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction between magnesium alloy waste dust and water.The hydrogen evolution curves and chemical kinetics modeling for ten different mixing ratios demonstrate that 0.4wt%CS+0.1wt%SP yields the best inhibition efficiency with hydrogen generation rate of almost zero.SEM and EDS analyses indicate that this composite inhibitor can create a uniform,smooth,tight protective film over the surface of the alloy dust particles.FTIR and XRD analysis of the chemical composition of the surface film show that this protective film contains CS and SP chemically adsorbed on the surface of ZK60 but no detectable Mg(OH)_(2),suggesting that magnesium-water reaction was totally blocked.Our new method offers a thorough solution to hydrogen explosion by inhibiting the hydrogen generation of magnesium alloy waste dust in a wet dust removal system.

生酮饮食激活脂肪酸氧化促进ME区的少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖

下丘脑正中隆起(mdian eminence,ME)是神经元和少突胶质细胞的可能生态位,营养因素可能通过诱导ME区细胞变化而调控下丘脑功能。为了确定生理条件下休眠的下丘脑干细胞是否存在饮食诱导的可塑性,本研究使用正常饲料、高脂饮食和生酮饮食(一种低碳水、高脂肪的饮食)等不同喂养方式,比较了不同饮食条件下小鼠ME区伸展细胞(tanycytes,TCs)和少突胶质细胞前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)的增殖情况,首次发现生酮饮食可诱导促进ME区OPCs增殖,阻断脂肪酸氧化通路可抑制生酮饮食诱导的OPCs增殖。本研究初步揭示了饮食诱导对ME区OPCs的影响,为进一步研究ME区OPCs的功能提供了启示。

2020年天津市猪病监测情况及防控建议

2020年是经历非洲猪瘟疫情重创后生猪产业迅速恢复的一年。在这一年里,各级畜牧兽医主管部门积极努力,发布了一系列利好政策。生猪养殖场户更加注重生物安全,生产水平和防疫水平有了很大提高。总体来看,2020年天津市生猪养殖形势比较平稳,未报告非洲猪瘟和口蹄疫等重大动物疫情,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪流行性腹泻、猪圆环病毒病等常见猪病呈现点状散发状态,均处在可控范围之内。

非洲猪瘟无疫小区建设职责分解

非洲猪瘟自2018年8月份传入我国东北地区以来,给我国养猪产业造成了巨大的冲击,多省份、多地区的许多猪场相继发病,全国能繁母猪存栏量和生猪出栏数量大幅下降,由此造成猪肉价格明显上涨,给以猪肉为主要肉食的人们的日常生活带来极大困扰。面对非洲猪瘟病毒已在我国部分猪群定殖,短时间内难以清除,疫情点状发生将长期存在的新特征,农业农村部适时调整防控政策,着力推出了非洲猪瘟无疫小区建设工作。

Standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in China: A meta-analysis

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of standard triple therapy compared with other pre-existing and new therapies in China.

Effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy

AIM To prospectively evaluate the effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy.METHODS A total of 56 patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomly divided into two groups:a ropivacaine group(wound infiltration with ropivacaine solution)and a control group(infiltration with isotonic saline solution).A visual analog scale(VAS)at rest and on movement was used to measure postoperative pain for the first 48 h after surgery.Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),time to bowel recovery,length of hospitalization after surgery,cumulative sufentanil consumption,and incidence of nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups.Surgical stress hormones(epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol)were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the results were compared. RESULTS VAS scores both at rest and on movement at 24 h and48 h were similar between the two groups.Significantly lower VAS scores were detected at 0,6,and 12 h in the ropivacaine group compared with the control group(P<0.05 for all).MAP was significantly lower at 6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);HR was significantly lower at 0,6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);time to bowel recovery and length of hospitalization after surgery(P<0.05 for both)were significantly shortened;and cumulative sufentanil consumption was significantly lower at 6,12,24,and 36 h(P<0.05 for all)in the ropivacaine group than in the control group,although the incidence of nausea and vomiting showed no significant difference between the two groups.The levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol were significantly lower in the ropivacaine group than in the control group at 24 and 48 h(P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Local wound infiltration with ropivacaine after open hepatectomy can improve postoperative pain relief,reduce surgical stress response,and accelerate postoperative recovery.

Meta-analysis:Is combination of tetracycline and amoxicillin suitable for Helicobacter pylori infection?

AIM:To access the efficacy of combination with amoxicillin and tetracycline for eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),thus providing clinical practice guidelines.METHODS:Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Science Citation Index,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases and abstract books of major European,American,and Asian gastroenterological meetings were searched.All clinical trials that examined the efficacy of H.pylori eradication therapies and included both tetracycline and amoxicillin in one study arm were selected for this systematic review and meta-analysis.Statistical analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software(Version 2).Subgroup,meta-regression,and sensitivity analyses were also carried out.RESULTS:Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria.The pooled odds ratio(OR)was 0.90(95%CI:0.42-1.78)for quadruple therapy with amoxicillin and tetracycline vs other quadruple regimens,and total eradication rates were 78.1%by intention-to-treat(ITT)and 84.5%by per-protocol(PP)analyses in the experimental groups.The pooled eradication rates of 14-d quadruple regimens with a combination of amoxicillin and tetracycline were 82.3%by ITT and89.0%by PP,and those of 10-d regimens were 84.6%by ITT and 93.7%by PP.The OR by ITT were 1.21(95%CI:0.64-2.28)for triple regimens with amoxicillin and tetracycline vs other regimens and 1.81(95%CI:1.37-2.41)for sequential treatment with amoxicillin and tetracycline vs other regimens,respectively.CONCLUSION:The effectiveness of regimens employing amoxicillin and tetracycline for H.pylori eradication may be not inferior to other regimens,but further study should be necessary.

A Review on the 3D Printing of Functional Structures for Medical Phantoms and Regenerated Tissue and Organ Applications

Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification and validation, and medical devices development. Such new applications demand high-fidelity, patient-specific, tissue-mimicking medical phantoms that can not only closely emulate the geometric structures of human organs, but also possess the properties and functions of the organ structure. With the rapid advancement of three-dimensional （3D） printing and 3D bioprinting technologies, many researchers have explored the use of these additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate functional medical phantoms for various applications. This paper reviews the applications of these 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies for the fabrication of functional medical phantoms and bio-structures. This review specifically discusses the state of the art along with new developments and trends in 3D printed functional medical phantoms （i.e., tissue-mimicking medical phantoms, radiologically relevant medical phantoms, and physiological medical phantoms） and 3D bio-printed structures （i.e., hybrid scaffolding materials, convertible scaffolds, and integrated sensors） for regenerated tissues and organs.

Attenuation coefficients of gamma and X-rays passing through six materials

The aim of this study was to determine the attenuation of gamma and X-rays with different energies caused by passage through different materials.To this end,different materials with a range of atomic numbers were chosen to measure gamma and X-ray attenuation coefficients and to explore the mechanisms of interaction of gamma and X-rays with matter of various kinds.It is shown that the attenuation coefficients first decrease and then increase with increase in the radiation(photon)energy.The attenuation of gamma and X-rays passing through materials with high atomic number is greater than that in materials with low atomic number.The attenuation minimum is related to the atomic number of the irradiated materials.The larger the atomic number is,the lower the energy corresponding to attenuation minimum is.Photoelectric and Compton effects are the main processes when gamma rays pass through individual materials with high and low atomic numbers,respectively.Therefore,for radiotherapy and radiation protection,different methods should be considered and selected for the use of gamma and X-rays of different energies for use in different materials.

Molecular Weight and Distribution of Cellulose and Cellulose Microspheres

[ Objective ] This study aimed to provide basic data for studying the relationship between structure and property of cellulose microspheres by measuring molecular weight of cellulose and cellulose microspheres with viscosity method and gel permeation chromatography （GPC） method. [ Method] In viscosity method, cadmium ethylenediamine was used as the solvent, intrinsic viscosity η of the solution was determined at 25 ℃ by using a Ubbelohde viscometer, to calculate the molecular weight of cellulose; in GPC method, 8% LiC1 / N, N-dimethylacetamide （LiC1/DMAc） was used as the solvent and 0.5% LiC1/DMAc was used as the mobile phase to determine the relative molecular weight and distribution of cellulose and cellulose microspheres. In addition, the determination results were analyzed to compare these two methods. [ Result ] Viscosity-average molecular weight Mr/ of cellulose and cellulose microspheres determined with viscosity method were 224,532 and 16,686, respectively; weight-average molecular weight Mw of cellulose and cellulose microspheres determined with GPC method were 284,196 and 22,345, respectively. [ Conclusion] The determination results of （;PC method are relatively close to the actual value and could truly reflect the characteristics of molecular weialat distribution of eellulose and cellulose mierosr, heres.

The Future of Manufacturing： A New Perspective

Many articles have been published on intelligent manufacturing, most of which focus on hardware, soft-ware, additive manufacturing, robotics, the Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0. This paper provides a dif-ferent perspective by examining relevant challenges and providing examples of some less-talked-about yet essential topics, such as hybrid systems, redefining advanced manufacturing, basic building blocks of new manufacturing, ecosystem readiness, and technology scalahility. The first major challenge is to （re-）define what the manufacturing of the future will he, if we wish to： ① raise public awareness of new manufacturing＇s economic and societal impacts, and ② garner the unequivocal support of policy- makers. The second major challenge is to recognize that manufacturing in the future will consist of sys-tems of hybrid systems of human and robotic operators; additive and suhtractive processes; metal and composite materials; and cyher and physical systems. Therefore, studying the interfaces between con- stituencies and standards becomes important and essential. The third challenge is to develop a common framework in which the technology, manufacturing business case, and ecosystem readiness can he eval- uated concurrently in order to shorten the time it takes for products to reach customers. Integral to this is having accepted measures of ＂scalahility＂ of non-information technologies. The last, hut not least, chal-lenge is to examine successful modalities of industry-academia-government collaborations through public-private partnerships. This article discusses these challenges in detail.

关于天津市非洲猪瘟无疫小区创建工作的思考

2019年12月,农业农村部组织制定颁发了《无规定动物疫病小区评估管理办法》(农业农村部公告第242号)、《农业农村部办公厅关于印发<无非洲猪瘟区标准>和<无规定动物疫病小区管理技术规范>的通知》(农办牧〔2019〕86号)等文件,随即启动了非洲猪瘟无疫小区建设工作。天津市农业农村部门高度重视该项工作,第一时间组织了“行政+技术”的推动专班,不仅包括了总兽医师在内的行政部门领导,同时还涵盖了天津市动物疫病预防控制中心和天津市农业综合执法总队等技术部门。目前已经有一家规模化生猪养殖企业通过省级评估,正在等待国家级评估。文章就非洲猪瘟无疫小区建设的体会及建议进行简要概述。

Fabrication of bioinspired edible liquid marble with phase transition and tunable water barrier property

Based on aphid wax-honeydew marble and the hydrophobic wax structure of lotus and its derived applications with superareophilic and superhydrophobic properties,edible carnauba wax and beeswax particles were mixed and utilized to mimic lotus wax and wrap liquid,thus forming liquid marbles(LMs).Through the utilization of continuous production system(CPS),wax as an interfacial surfactant,water and solid,air-phase or mixed-phase marble content was produced.The edible liquid marble(ELM)could encapsulate water and food droplets.Edible solid marble(ESM)and edible solid hollow marbles(ESHMs)could be fabricated by applying pectin or syrup.Moreover,through the heating of wax powders with different melting temperatures,stable tablets and hollow capsules could be produced.The wax powder as interfacial surfactant could firmly bind with pectin through hydrogen bonds on ESM.The edible LMs can therefore be applied for residue reduction,corrosion reduction,biohazard prevention and cleaning in the food industry.The other phase LMs could act as novel tools in the pharmaceutical and food industries with the above-mentioned water transport,preservation,sustained releasing and selective releasing abilities.

Nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam valving controllers for power system stability

A set of novel nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam-valving controllers are proposed in this paper. On the basis of the classical dynamic equations of a generator, excitation control and steam valving control are simultaneously considered. Design of these controllers combines the differential geometry theory with the variable structure controlling theory. The mathematical model in the form of ＂an affine nonlinear system＂ is set up for the control design of a large-scale power plant. The dynamic performance of the nonlinear variable structure controllers proposed for a single machine connected to an infinite bus power system is simulated. Simulation results show that the nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam-valving controllers give satisfactory dynamic performance and good robustness.

A Novel Coordinated Sliding Mode Controller Based on Lyapunov Method for SVC, Excitation and Steam Valving

A novel coordinated controller is proposed in the paper for SVC, excitation and steam valving for a single machine infinite system. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematic model of the system including the itation and steam valving is exactly linearized via state feedback. Then, the quasi-linearized system after the exact lineariztion is controlled by the sliding model controller based on Lyapunov direct method. At last, the novel coordinated controller is compared with a traditional linear controller and a nonlinear optimal controller respectively by simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed controller gives better dynamic response and stronger robustness.

Through-Thickness Thermal Conductivity Prediction Study on Nanocomposites and Multiscale Composites

In this research, a modeling and experimental study was conducted to explore the effects of nanoparticle type (aluminum nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes), filler concentration and interactions between the nanoparticle and reinforcing fibers on through-thickness conductivity of nanoparticle/epoxy nanocomposites and nanoparticle/fiber-reinforced multiscale composites. Multiple, notable micromechanical models were evaluated to predict through-thickness thermal conductivity of both composite systems, and then compared to the experimental results. The results showed that filler volume fraction ranges and thermal conductivity differences of the constituent materials for the thermal conductivity ratio (km/kf or kf/km) used in the models can affect the resulting predictions. Certain models were found to be suitable for varying conditions on the thermal conductivity ratio. Finite element models (FEM) were developed to reveal heat transport mechanisms of the resultant nanocomposites and multiscale composites. The nanocomposite design for finite element analysis (FEA) provided close predictions and performed better than the micromechanical models. On the multiscale composite system, predictions were concluded to be dependent upon the FEM design where the interactions between nanoparticles and fibers are critical to accurately determine the through-thickness thermal conductivity.

缩短积分时间以提高航位推算导航系统的精度

汽车航位推算（DR）导航系统使用陀螺仪估计车辆的瞬时航向。利用此信息和行驶距离信息,即使在卫星信号被遮挡的拥挤市区或隧道中,导航系统也能确定车辆的正确位置。在DR导航中使用陀螺仪的一个主要挑战是卫星信号可能长时间丢失，导致累计角度误差变得过大，以至于无法精确定位车辆。