考虑荷载与浸水条件的预崩解炭质泥岩变形与强度试验

预崩解炭质泥岩作为路堤填料已在我国西南地区路堤工程中广泛应用,为研究荷载与浸水条件下预崩解炭质泥岩变形与强度特性,研发一套可综合考虑多因素影响的湿化变形试验装置,并设计正交试验方案开展预崩解炭质泥岩湿化变形与直剪试验。结果表明:在加载初期和首次浸水时,预崩解炭质泥岩将产生较大竖向变形,分别为压缩变形和湿化变形,竖向荷载、循环次数、浸水时间、压实度、含水率对预崩解炭质泥岩竖向变形影响程度依次降低;预崩解炭质泥岩湿化变形过程中抗剪强度的变化主要源于黏聚力的变化,各因素对黏聚力的影响程度由强至弱依次为循环次数、浸水时间、竖向荷载、压实度及含水率;抗剪强度随竖向变形的增加先急剧降低后逐渐趋于稳定,拟合得到抗剪强度与竖向变形的函数关系式,可为炭质泥岩变形计算及工程实践提供一定参考依据。

挤塑聚苯板在混凝土衬砌渠道冻胀防治中的应用

针对季节性冻土区山东省聊城市位山灌区混凝土衬砌渠道的冻融破坏问题,利用 ANSYS 有限元软件建立铺设不同厚度挤塑聚苯板的混凝土衬砌渠道模型,计算其瞬态温度场分布和位移场分布,并结合相关实测数据进行分析。结果表明,经一年持续观测,在日最低气温随时间变化的外界环境条件下,不论是否铺设挤塑聚苯板,最大冻结深度出现的时间相对于年最低气温出现的时间来说均具有滞后性。通过对铺设不同厚度挤塑聚苯板渠道产生的冻胀量和渠基土的冻结深度进行比对分析,得出挤塑聚苯板的保温作用原理,推测选用 5 cm 挤塑聚苯板对该灌渠进行冻胀防治已满足工程要求。本研究加入了瞬态温度场计算,这一方案具有一定的先进性,可为今后混凝土衬砌渠道冻胀防治研究提供参考。

粉质黏土粘聚力影响因素显著性分析

本文以位山灌区粉质黏土为研究对象,制备不同干密度、含水率的试样进行差异性冻融处理,冻融循环结束后对土样进行直剪试验,并对试验数据的影响因素显著性分析,结合分析结果建立粘聚力回归方程。结果表明:土体粘聚力与含水率、冻融循环次数呈负相关,与干密度呈正相关,土体粘聚力在冻融循环1~2次之后显著降低,低密度、低含水率的土体在冻融作用下粘聚力下降幅度较大;经多次冻融循环后土体粘聚力趋于稳定;各因素对粉质黏土粘聚力影响存在差异,不同影响因素对土体粘聚力的影响表现为:干密度>含水率>冻融次数。

土石坝心墙裂缝发展的扩展有限元模拟

由于土石坝水力劈裂过程复杂,关于其发展机理目前仍有争议。无论是总应力法还是有效应力法都不能计算裂缝的扩展过程。为了进一步研究土石坝水力劈裂的发展机理,参照混凝土材料损伤模型的建模思路,根据土石坝水力劈裂中裂缝的形成过程,并结合非饱和土的力学特点,提出了压实黏土的孔隙扩展模型和裂缝张开模型,用来描述土样裂缝产生前后的状态。借助扩展有限元方法,对裂缝的扩展过程进行了数值模拟。最后通过一个简单的算例,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法对于水力劈裂的数值研究有一定的参考价值。

Mechanical behavior and microstructural mechanism of improved disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone

This study aims to improve the mechanical behavior of disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone, which is used as road embankment filler in southwestern China. Triaxial tests were performed on disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone modified by fly ash, cement, and red clay. Then the stress-strain relationships and shear strength parameters were analyzed. The microstructure and mineral composition of the materials were identified via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the stress-strain relationships changed from strain-hardening to strain-softening when disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone was modified with cement. By contrast, the addition of fly ash and red clay did not change the type of stress-strain relationships. The order of these three additives is cement, red clay and fly ash according to their influences on the cohesion. Disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone without cement all showed bulging failures, and that modified with cement exhibited shear failures or bulging-shear failures. The soil particles of the improved soil were well bonded by cementitious substances, so the microstructure was denser and more stable, which highly enhanced the mechanical behavior of disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone. The findings could offer references for the use of carbonaceous mudstone in embankment engineering.

Improved method for determining active earth pressure considering arching effect and actual slip surface

To determine the distribution of active earth pressure on retaining walls, a series of model tests with the horizontally translating rigid walls are designed. Particle image velocimetry is used to study the movement and shear strain during the active failure of soil with height H and friction angle φ. The test results show that there are 3 stages of soil deformation under retaining wall translation: the initial stage, the expansion stage and the stability stage. The stable sliding surface in the model tests can be considered to be composed of two parts. Within the height range of 0.82 H-1.0 H, it is a plane at an angle of π/4+φ/2 to the horizontal plane. In the height range of 0-0.82 H, it is a curve between a logarithmic spiral and a plane at an angle of π/4+φ/2 to the horizontal. A new method applicable to any sliding surface is proposed for active earth pressure with the consideration of arching effect. The active earth pressure is computed with the actual shape of the slip surface and compared with model test data and with predictions obtained by existing methods. The comparison shows that predictions from the newly proposed method are more consistent with the measured data than the predictions from the other methods.

动力湿化作用下粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验

为了研究动力湿化作用下渗流水在粗粒土高路堤内的迁移特性,自主研发设计制作一种室内喷洒降雨装置及车辆动力荷载模拟装置,开展动力湿化作用下粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验,从时间和空间2个角度描述渗流水在路堤内的迁移特性,然后根据模型试验结果,建立粗粒土渗流场时空演化机制,揭示动力湿化作用下的粗粒土高路堤边坡渐变失稳发育机理。研究结果表明:基于相似理论,开展粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验可以较为真实地反映粗粒土高路堤在动力湿化作用下渗流水的迁移特性;动力湿化作用下,湿润锋首先在路堤边坡表面形成,并逐渐从边坡表面向内部拓展,在坡顶处的拓展速率较小,坡脚处的拓展速率较大;受湿润锋演变规律的影响,路堤边坡监测点负孔隙水压力逐渐减小,体积含水率逐渐增大,坡前应力逐渐增加,位于坡脚浅层区域的应力增加速度较快;依据渗流水的迁移规律,将渗流影响范围内的土体自上而下分为浅层暂态饱和区、渗流水填充区及渗流水湿润区;在动力湿化作用下,粗粒土高路堤边坡将逐渐产生沿坡脚深层滑移的渐变趋势。