冠心病PCI术后肺部感染外周血L-Arg/NOS/NO信号通路表达与其对预后的诊断价值

目的探究冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后肺部感染外周血L-精氨酸/一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮(L-Arg/NOS/NO)信号通路表达与其对预后的诊断价值。方法去选取廊坊市第四人民医院2020年6月-2023年6月收治的187例冠心病PCI手术患者为研究对象,根据术后是否发生肺部感染分为感染组69例和非感染组118例,感染组患者根据30d预后情况分为良好预后组43例和不良预后组26例。统计感染组现况及病原菌分布;比较各组血小板L-Arg转运量、NOS活性、亚硝酸盐(NO2-)水平。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析L-Arg、NOS、NO2对冠心病PCI术后肺部感染患者不良预后的诊断价值。结果果187例冠心病PCI手术患者术后肺部感染发生69例(36.90%),检出病原菌79株,以革兰阴性菌为主,主要为铜绿假单胞菌。感染组L-Arg、NOS、NO2水平低于非感染组(P<0.05),不良预后组L-Arg、NOS、NO2水平低于良好预后组(P<0.05)。L-Arg、NOS、NO2联合诊断冠心病PCI术后肺部感染患者不良预后曲线下面积(AUC)高于单一检测(P<0.05)。结论冠心病PCI术后肺部感染发生率高,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主;冠心病PCI术后肺部感染患者及其不良预后L-Arg/NOS/NO信号通路表达异常,L-Arg、NOS、NO-联合检测可提高冠心病PCI术后肺部感染患者不良预后的诊断价值。

“积极应对全球化与国际经济秩序转型风险”笔谈

近年来,党中央高度重视风险防范问题。党的十九大报告将防范化解重大风险与精准脱贫、污染防治并称为“三大攻坚战”。2019年1月,习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部坚持底线思维着力防范化解重大风险专题研讨班开班式上发表重要讲话,对我国当前防范化解重大风险工作作出系统部署,明确提出要“深刻认识和准确把握外部环境的深刻变化和我国改革发展稳定面临的新情况新问题新挑战,坚持底线思维,增强忧患意识,提高防控能力”。我国经济已经深度融入全球生产网络和经济体系,国际环境的重大变化必将深刻影响经济运行。因此,防范风险尤其需要注意国际环境变化风险。本刊从国内外学者来稿中择发三篇有代表性的研究成果,分别阐述了金融危机防范、国际经济秩序危机应对、主权债务危机处理三个重大问题,希望以此推动关于风险防范问题的学术研究。

石油美元环流的新特点及其对石油人民币发展的启示

本文分析石油美元的发展历程、美国原油供给攀升的背景下石油美元环流的新特点以及石油人民币的未来发展路径。研究发现:产油国出于地缘政治的不确定性和对石油出口依赖的减少等原因,将更多的石油收入留在国内,石油美元逐渐青睐亚洲地区以及石油美元投资渠道呈现出多元化态势,给石油美元体系带来了极大的不确定性和挑战。发展石油人民币,需要从建立符合亚洲需求的原油定价体系,发挥INE中人民币—黄金兑换机制,抓住"一带一路"契机加强中国在石油贸易中的话语权等方面进行努力。

Unilateral amyloid-β25-35 injection into the rat amygdala increases the expressions of aberrant tau phosphorylation kinases

Background Neuropathologically, Alzheimer disease （AD） is characterized by the presence of extracellular plaques enriched in β-amyloid peptides; however, the mechanism by which it results in the neurotoxicity is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether it would prompt the progress of Alzheimer disease via enhancement of aberrant phosphorylated tau that results from its increased kinase gene expression. Methods Twenty-four male rats were divided into three groups, and each group had 8 rats： control, sham-operated, and Aβ25-35 injected AD model groups. AD rat models were created by unilateral injections of Aβ25-35 into the amygdala. The hyperphosphorylated tau protein was estimated by immunohistochemistry with paired helical filament-1 （PHF-1） antibody and paired helical filament-tau （AT8） antibody. The expressions of glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （P38MAPK） mRNA were observed by in situ hybridization. Results Compared with the control and sham-operated groups, the evaluation of paired AT8 and paired helical filament-1 （PHF-1） in the cortexes and hippocampus of the AD model group showed the numbers of AT8 and PHF-1 positive cells, as well as the optical density （OD） values of the proteins were significantly higher （AT8： in CA2： 0.318±0.037 vs. 0.135±0.028, 0.136±0.031; in frontal cortex： 0.278±0.040 vs. 0.130±0.028, 0.190±0.037. PHF-1 ： in CA2： 0.386±0.034 vs. 0.139±0.010, 0.193±0.041; in frontal cortex： 0.395±0.050 vs. 0.159±0.030, 0.190±0.044, respectively, P 〈0.01）; the number of GSK-3β mRNA and P38MAPK mRNA positive cells of the AD model group, as well as the OD values, also increased significantly in the cortexes, hippocampus （GSK-3β-mRNA： in CA2：0.384±0.012 vs. 0.190±0.015, 0.258±0.064; in frontal cortex： 0.398±0.018 vs. 0.184±0.031, 0.218±0.049. P38MAPK mRNA： in CA2：0.409±0.038 vs. 0.161±0.041, 0.189±0.035; in frontal cortex： 0.423±0.070 vs. 0.160±0.032, 0.203±0.053, respectively, P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Unilateral injection of Aβ25-35 into the rat amygdala increases the generation of aberrant phosphorylated tau by increasing GSK-3β and PasMAPKgene expression, that accelerates the process of Alzhemer＇s disease.

大鼠去肌腱对骨骼肌碳酸酐酶3蛋白表达和磷酸酶活性的影响

目的探讨大鼠骨骼肌去肌腱对碳酸酐酶3(CA3)蛋白表达和磷酸酶活性的影响。方法切断大鼠同侧趾长伸肌或比目鱼肌远心端的肌腱,取术后7、14、28和56 d的两侧(去肌腱组和对照组)趾长伸肌和比目鱼肌肌肉组织,对相邻组织切片分别进行ATPase染色和CA3免疫组化染色,Western blot法分析CA3蛋白表达水平,固相膜上原位酶活性分析CA3的磷酸酶活性。结果去肌腱组比目鱼肌组织形态无显著变化,趾长伸肌的快纤维逐渐肥大。相邻切片染色显示去肌腱组比目鱼肌和趾长伸肌的肌纤维ATPase染色和CA3免疫染色对应关系不变,即CA3免疫染色着色纤维即ATPase染色的型纤维。Western blot分析表明,去肌腱组比目鱼肌和趾长伸肌的CA3蛋白表达水平高于对照组,但CA3的磷酸酶活性降低,且去肌腱组比目鱼肌的CA3的磷酸酶活性下降更为显著。结论去肌腱后骨骼肌CA3蛋白水平逐渐增加而磷酸酶活性降低。反映了骨骼肌运动对CA3影响的复杂性,提示评估运动对骨骼肌影响时需全面考察相关蛋白的表达水平和活性状态。

Transplanted bone marrow stromal cells improve cognitive dysfunction due to aging hypoperfusion in rats

Background Aging is an important risk factor for vascular dementia, and D-galactose （D-gal） injection can simulate the pathology of aging. Two-vessel occlusion of common carotid arteries （2VO） is the most popular model for vascular dementia. This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of D-gal injection plus 2VO simulating cognitive impairment of aging vascular dementia; and whether transplanted bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） can improve the cognitive function induced by D-gal injection plus 2VO.Methods Totally 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups equivalently： control group, D-gal group,D-gal＋2VO group, D-gal＋2VO＋saline water group, and D-gal＋2VO＋BMSCs group. Aging hypoperfusion rats were created by subcutaneous injection of D-gal and occlusion of two common carotid arteries. BMSCs or saline water was stereotactically transplanted into the subventricular zone as treatment vehicles at 24 hours post operation. Two-way repeat analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used for significance analysis of 5 groups at 6 weeks post transplantation;moreover, Tamhane＇s test （equal variance not assumed） and least significant difference （LSD） test （equal variance assumed） were used for pairwise comparison in Morris water maze （MWM）.Results Transplanted BMSCs distributed around the lateral ventricles and acquired the phenotypes of neurons and astrocytes. In terms of swimming path distance and escape latency in MWM, D-gal＋2VO＋BMSC group showed significant improvement than the D-gal＋2VO group but was still obviously worse than the control group （both P ＜0.05）.There was no significant difference in swimming speed for all 5 groups.Conclusions D-gal plus 2VO induces cognitive dysfunction. The engrafted BMSCs exhibit the beneficial effect on cognitive function via promotion interactively with host brain.