Review of Researches on Advantages of Intercropping

Intercropping is a very effective cultivation method in the agricultural production with a long history. The use of intercropping to build a niche complementary crop community can not only enhance the stability of farmland ecosystem and the resistance of crop community to environmental stress but also reduce the damage of diseases, insect pests, environmental pollution and improve the efficiency of resource use to finally achieve high and stable yield of crop community. By collecting the intercropping researches at home and abroad, this thesis describes the impact of intercropping on crop nitrogen fixation and nitrogen transfer, accumulation and distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen, soil microorganism, crop diseases and insect pests, ventilation and light transmission, quality, yield and nutrient absorption, draws a conclusion on intercropping advantages and points out the sections requiring further study in the future.

秸秆机械集中沟埋还田对稻麦轮作作物生长和产量的影响

为探索秸秆还田新模式,研究设计了机器开沟、秸秆集中沟埋还田模式。通过研究秸秆沟埋还田下土壤理化特性和作物生长特征,为秸秆机械集中沟埋还田的推广提供理论支持。结果表明,秸秆沟埋还田较常规还田方式降低了小麦季土壤容重,对水稻季土壤容重影响不明显;无论水稻季还是小麦季,土壤有机质含量均表现为增加的趋势。土壤性质的改变,对稻麦生长发育产生影响,显著提高了小麦茎蘖数和水稻株高,水稻株高随着沟埋还田深度的提升而提高。水稻和小麦的产量及其构成因素结果表明,秸秆机械沟埋还田能显著提高小麦和水稻产量,以开沟深度20 cm秸秆还田产量增加最为明显,小麦产量较常规秸秆还田方式增加23%,水稻产量增加11%,增产效果较为显著。综合来看,秸秆机械集中沟埋还田较常规秸秆还田更具优势,开沟20 cm深度还田综合效益最高,具有推广价值。