Follow-up study of gallbladder stones in 44 children

BACKGROUND Cholesterol stones affect a certain subpopulation of children.Concerns have been raised on the impact of gallbladder surgery on the growth of children and adolescents.AIM To study the population characteristics,clinical features,treatment,and prognosis of gallstones in children.METHODS The clinical data of 44 children with gallstones admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from August 2009 to August 2021 were collected,the children were followed up by telephone to monitor their prognoses.The follow-up ended in August 2023.The shortest follow-up time was 2 years and 6 months,whereas the longest was 13 years and 11 months.The population characteristics,general clinical characteristics,and treatments were retrospectively analyzed.The children were divided according to whether they underwent surgical gallbladder removal into an operation group(n=28)and a non-operation group(n=16),The effects of surgical gallbladder resection on the growth and development of children were analyzed.RESULTS The male–female ratio in the population was 6:5 and 84.09%of the children had onset in adolescence.Furthermore,29.55%of the children were overweight or obese.The study identified 26 cases with metabolic abnormalities,9 with hemolytic anemia,and 4 with choledochal cyst.Of the population,68.18%had recurrent symptomatic cholecystolithiasis.Surgical treatment accounted for 63.64%,with laparoscopic cholecystectomy accounting for 71.43%of surgical treatment.No significant differences were observed in symptoms and complications between the surgery and non-surgery groups.Furthermore,no significant differences were found between the two groups in the attainment of genetic height target and the rightward shift of height curve during follow-up.CONCLUSION The sex characteristics of gallstones in children were not observed.Most gallstones occurred in adolescents and rarely in young children.A considerable proportion of children have inborn causes,which are often concurrent with metabolic abnormalities and hemolytic anemia.Most children had recurrent symptomatic gallstones.Surgical treatment,especially laparoscopic cholecystectomy,is still the main treatment for gallstones in children.Surgical treatment did not affect the growth and development of children who underwent gallstone removal.

P修饰提高Fe-N-C的氧反应活性用于高稳定的锌-空气电池

生物质碳基材料具有可调的微观结构、丰富的表面活性中心、优良的导电和导热性能以及较大的比表面积,已经成为新能源领域的重要基础材料.然而,应用于锌-空气电池中时,碳基材料高电位下的碳腐蚀问题严重影响了电池的稳定性,因此,开发具有低过电位的析氧反应(OER)催化剂来降低充电电压是解决该问题的关键.本课题组采用一种低温磷化策略制备了具有低OER过电位的P修饰的Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe_(2)N和生物质碳复合催化剂(P-Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe_(2)N@NPC),其具有较好的双功能氧反应活性,氧还原反应(ORR)的半波电位为0.86 V,仅需要280 m V的OER过电位就可以达到10 m Acm-2的电流密度.以P-Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe_(2)N@NPC作为正极组装的锌-空气电池表现出低的充放电电压差和长期稳定性,在目前报道的碳基催化剂应用于锌-空气电池中具有很大优势.此外,采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱和氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)等技术研究了磷化对催化剂的结构和催化性能带来的差异原因,并利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了催化剂的OER反应机制.XPS测试结果表明,P-Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe_(2)N@NPC的P 2p轨道观察到P-M键、P-C键和P-O键,证实P在碳纳米结构中的成功修饰.Fe_(2)pXPS谱显示,P的掺入使Fe_(2)p峰向低结合能方向移动,这表明P的表面改性改变了金属Fe物种的表面电子构型.此外,拉曼光谱结果表明,P掺杂后样品的ID/IG值增加,说明结构中具有更多的缺陷,为ORR反应提供更多的催化活性位.O2-TPD结果表明,两种催化剂在低温区域(<500 ℃)表现为表面缺陷上的化学吸附氧,在高温区域(>500 ℃)表现为晶格氧释放,这说明了催化剂中都存在表面氧空位.与P-Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe_(2)N@NPC的脱附氧物种相关的峰值温度低于Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe_(2)N@NPC,证明P修饰可以使催化剂具有更好的吸附/脱附氧能力,进一步降低了吸附氧分子的活化能垒.利用DFT计算分析了OER活性增强的原因.DOS结果显示,与位于E_(V)在-0.543 eV的Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe_(2)N模型的Fe-3d-t2g相比,引入P的P-Fe_(3)O_(4)和P-Fe_(2)N模型分别正移到-0.442和-0.493 eV(E_(V)=0为EF(费米能级)),更接近EF.这表明,在电化学反应过程中,表面P的修饰促进了Fe位点的电子转移能力.不同模型OER/ORR过程中间体的自由能结果表明,OER的速率决定步骤为*OOH→O2,P-Fe_(3)O_(4)和P-Fe_(2)N模型的速率决定步骤自由能分别为2.25和1.02 eV,比Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.36 eV)和Fe_(2)N(1.25 eV)模型更低,说明P改性降低了驱动OER所需的最小过电位.综上,P修饰可以调节Fe位点的电子结构,促进氧中间物的吸附和解吸,从而改善OER的性能.

lncRNA MALAT1通过miR-124-3p/SOX7分子轴促进视网膜血管内皮细胞增殖及迁移和血管生成

目的:探讨lncRNA MALAT1对视网膜血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移及血管生成的影响及其分子机制。方法:qPCR检测正常对照组、糖尿病患者无视网膜病变组、糖尿病视网膜病变患者组血清中lncRNA MALAT1的表达水平以及葡萄糖培养对lncRNA MALAT1的表达水平的影响。qRT-PCR检测miR-124-3p表达水平;Western blotting检测SOX7表达水平;双荧光素酶报告系统检测lncRNA MALAT1与miR-124-3p、miR-124-3p与SOX7的靶向作用关系;CCK-8实验检测细胞的增殖活力;Transwell实验检测细胞的迁移能力;体外成管实验检测hRMECs血管形成能力。结果:lncRNA MALAT1在糖尿病视网膜病变患者血清中的表达水平显著高于糖尿病患者无视网膜病变组和正常对照组(P<0.001);体外葡萄糖培养显著促进lncRNA MALAT1在hRMECs细胞的表达,并显著促进hRMECs细胞的增殖、迁移和血管形成(均P<0.05)。敲低lncRNA MALAT1显著抑制hRMECs细胞的增殖、迁移和成管能力(均P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验表明,lncRNA MALAT1与miR-124-3p、miR-124-3p与SOX7之间存在靶向结合作用。过表达miR-124-3p显著抑制hRMECs细胞的增殖、迁移和成管能力(均P <0.05);过表达lncRNA MALAT1+miR-124-3p,同时过表达miR-124-3p+SOX7,敲低lncRNA MALAT1+过表达SOX7均显著消除了过表达miR-124-3p对hRMECs细胞增殖、迁移和血管形成的抑制作用(均P<0.05)。结论:lncRNA MALAT1通过下调miR-124-3p对SOX7的负调控作用促进糖尿病视网膜病变中视网膜内皮细胞增殖、迁移和血管形成。lncRNA MALAT1在糖尿病视网膜病变患者的异常上调可能是微血管功能障碍的潜在生物标志。

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation enhances embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Alterations in embryonic neural stem cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We hypothesized that embryonic neural stem cells from SOD1G93A individuals might be more susceptible to oxidative injury, resulting in a propensity for neurodegeneration at later stages. In this study, embryonic neural stem cells obtained from human superoxide dis- mutase 1 mutant （SOD1G93A） and wild-type （SOD1wv） mouse models were exposed to H202. We assayed cell viability with mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase colorimetric reagent, and measured cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of the adenos- ine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） ct-subunit, paired box 3 （Pax3） protein, and p53 in western blot analyses. Compared with SOD1wr cells, SOD1~93A embryonic neural stem cells were more likely to undergo H202-induced apoptosis. Phosphorylation of AMPKct in SOD1G93A cells was higher than that in SOD1wr cells. Pax3 expression was inversely correlated with the phosphorylation levels of AMPKct. p53 protein levels were also correlated with AMPKct phosphorylation levels. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPKa, attenuated the effects of H20~. These results suggest that embryonic neural stem cells from SOD1C93A mice are more susceptible to apoptosis in the presence of oxidative stress compared with those from wild-type controls, and the effects are mainly mediated by Pax3 and p53 in the AMPKa pathway.

Construction and validation of a gene co-expression network ingrapevine (Vitis vinifera. L.)

Gene co-expression analysis has been widely used for predicting gene functions because genes within modules of a co-expression network may be involved in similar biological processes and exhibit similar biological functions.To detect gene relationships in the grapevine genome,we constructed a grapevine gene co-expression network(GGCN)by compiling a total of 374 publically available grapevine microarray datasets.The GGCN consisted of 557 modules containing a total of 3834 nodes with 13479 edges.The functions of the subnetwork modules were inferred by Gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis.In 127 of the 557 modules containing two or more GO terms,38 modules exhibited the most significantly enriched GO terms,including‘protein catabolism process’,‘photosynthesis’,‘cell biosynthesis process’,‘biosynthesis of plant cell wall’,‘stress response’and other important biological processes.The‘response to heat’GO term was highly represented in module 17,which is composed of many heat shock proteins.To further determine the potential functions of genes in module 17,we performed a Pearson correlation coefficient test,analyzed orthologous relationships with Arabidopsis genes and established gene expression correlations with real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR(qRT-PCR).Our results indicated that many genes in module 17 were upregulated during the heat shock and recovery processes and downregulated in response to low temperature.Furthermore,two putative genes,Vit_07s0185g00040 and Vit_02s0025g04060,were highly expressed in response to heat shock and recovery.This study provides insight into GGCN gene modules and offers important references for gene functions and the discovery of new genes at the module level.

Role of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer

AIM To investigate the abundance and potential functions of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells in colorectal cancer(CRC). METHODS Proportions of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells were examined in peripheral blood and tumor/paratumor tissues of CRC patients and healthy controls using flow cytometry. Expression of phenotypic markers such as forkhead box(Fox)p3, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein(CTLA)-4, chemokine CC receptor (CCR)4 and CCR5 was measured using flow cytometry. LAP^-CD4^+ and LAP^+CD4^+ T cells were isolated using a magnetic cellsorting system and cell purity was analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression of cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β.RESULTS The proportion of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells was significantly higher in peripheral blood from patients (9.44% ± 3.18%) than healthy controls (1.49% ± 1.00%, P < 0.001). Among patients, the proportion of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells was significantly higher in tumor tissues(11.76% ± 3.74%) compared with paratumor tissues (3.87% ± 1.64%, P < 0.001). We also observed positive correlations between the proportion of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells and TNM stage(P < 0.001), distant metastasis(P < 0.001) and serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen(P < 0.05). Magnetic-activated cell sorting gave an overall enrichment of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells (95.02% ± 2.87%), which was similar for LAP^-CD4^+ T cells(94.75% ± 2.76%). In contrast to LAP^-CD4^+ T cells, LAP^+CD4^+ T cells showed lower Foxp3 expression but significantly higher levels of CTLA-4, CCR4 and CCR5(P < 0.01). LAP^+CD4^+ T cells expressed significantly larger amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β but lower levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and interferon-γ, compared with LAPCD4+ T cells.CONCLUSION LAP^+CD4^+ T cells accumulated in the tumor microenvironment of CRC patients and were involved in immune evasion mediated by IL-10 and TGF-β.

A crosslinked polymer as dopant-free hole-transport material for efficient n-i-p type perovskite solar cells

A new crosslinked polymer,called P65,with appropriate photo-electrochemical,opto-electronic,and thermal properties,has been designed and synthesized as an efficient,dopant-free,hole-transport material(HTM)for n-i-p type planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).P65 is obtained from a low-cost and easily synthesized spiro[fluorene-9,90-xanthene]-30,60-diol(SFX-OH)-based monomer X65 through a freeradical polymerization reaction.The combination of a three-dimensional(3 D)SFX core unit,holetransport methoxydiphenylamine group,and crosslinked polyvinyl network provides P65 with good solubility and excellent film-forming properties.By employing P65 as a dopant-free hole-transport layer in conventional n-i-p type PSCs,a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of up to 17.7%is achieved.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time a 3 D,crosslinked,polymeric dopant-free HTM has been reported for use in conventional n-i-p type PSCs.This study provides a new strategy for the future development of a 3 D crosslinked polymeric dopant-free HTM with a simple synthetic route and low-cost for commercial,large-scale applications in future PSCs.

Microstructures and corrosion behaviors of Al−6.5Si−0.45Mg−xSc casting alloy

The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of the Al−6.5Si−0.45Mg casting alloys with the addition of Sc were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,electrochemical measurement techniques and immersion corrosion tests and compared with those of Sr-modified alloy.The results show that Sc has evident refining and modifying effects on the primaryα(Al)and the eutectic Si phase of the alloy,and the effects can be enhanced with the increase of Sc content.When the Sc content is increased to 0.58 wt.%,its modifying effect on the eutectic Si is almost same as that of Sr.Sc can improve the corrosion resistance of the test alloy in NaCl solution when compared with Sr,but the excessively high Sc content cannot further increase the corrosion resistance of the alloy.The corrosion of the alloys mainly occurs in the eutectic region of the alloy,and mostly the eutecticα(Al)is dissolved.This confirms that Si phase is more noble thanα(Al)phase,and the galvanic couplings can be formed between the eutectic Si andα(Al)phases.

Progress in hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells

In recent years the photovoltaic community has witnessed the unprecedented development of perovskite solar cells（PSCs） as they have taken the lead in emergent photovoltaic technologies. The power conversion efficiency of this new class of solar cells has been increased to a point where they are beginning to compete with more established technologies. Although PSCs have evolved a variety of structures, the use of hole-transporting materials（HTMs） remains indispensable. Here, an overview of the various types of available HTMs is presented. This includes organic and inorganic HTMs and is presented alongside recent progress in associated aspects of PSCs, including device architectures and fabrication techniques to produce high-quality perovskite films. The structure, electrochemistry, and physical properties of a variety of HTMs are discussed, highlighting considerations for those designing new HTMs. Finally, an outlook is presented to provide more concrete direction for the development and optimization of HTMs for highefficiency PSCs.

High isotropic dispiro structure hole transporting materials for planar perovskite solar cells

Two novel fluorene-based hole transporting materials (HTMs) were synthesized to be used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). C102 was designed based on C101 by simply linking the two carb on-carbon single bonds to compose a "dispiro" structure. Their typically similar structures cause them sharing almost the same energy levels. However, their photovoltaic performances are quite different due to the small variations. The PSC that contained the "dispiro" structure, C102, reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.4%, while the device contained C101, obtained a lower PCE of 15.5%. Electrochemical properties and Photovoltaic characterization of the two materials have been investigated to explain the result. It is shown that C102 has a stronger ability to transport holes and resist the charge recombination. Thus, the dispiro structure should be more appropriate being used as HTM in PSCs.

Optimum weighting-coefficient-pair in inter-carrier interference self-cancellation scheme of OFDM system

As one of the most important components of the wideband wireless access technique, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） has a high usage rate of spectrum and combats inter-symbol interference （ISI） in multi-path fading channel. However, when there are frequency offsets during the signal transmission, the inter-carrier interference （ICI） is introduced, which significantly degrades the performance. The existing ICI self-cancellation schemes such as PCC-OFDM are not optimum to minimize the interference considering both noise and ICI. In this paper, a new metric named S1NR （signal-to-interference- and-noise ratio） is proposed. We discuss the optimization issue when a constant frequency offset exists and in time-varying channels. The optimum weighting-coefficient-pair （OWCP） is obtained, which maximizes SINR theoretically through the alternant iteration algorithm. Simulations show that the performance of OWCP-OFDM is better than that of PCC-OFDM, especially when the frequency offset is large. Although the ICI self-cancellation scheme suffers bandwidth inefficiency, from the simulation results we can also see that the performance of OWCP-OFDM is much better than that of the standard OFDM systems with the same bandwidth efficiency when a frequency offset exists. Moreover, since the redundant modulation provides the capability to suppress ICI as well as a receiving SNR gain, it can be considered as exchanging the bandwidth for SNR.

Platelet rich plasma-complexed hydrogel glue enhances skin wound healing in a diabetic rat model

Diabetic patients often exhibit delayed or incomplete progress in the healing of acute wounds,owing to poor blood perfusion.Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)has attracted much attention as a means to improve wound healing,because it contains high growth factor concentrations.However,the burst-like release of PRP growth factors results in a short halflife of these therapeutic proteins,thus greatly limiting the therapeutic effect.In this study,we prepared PRP from human umbilical cord blood and developed an in situ photocrosslinkable PRP hydrogel glue(HNPRP)by adding a photoresponsive hyaluronic acid(HA-NB)into PRP.The HNPRP hydrogel allowed for controlled release of plateletderived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)for up to 28 days.In vitro cell culture showed that HNPRP promoted migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes as well as PRP and did not reveal the advantages of HNPRP.However,in a diabetic rat skin wound model,HNPRP treatment promoted faster wound closure.Furthermore,the HNPRP group,compared with the control,PRP and hydrogel only groups,showed significantly greater re-epithelialization and numbers of both newly formed and mature blood vessels.The HNPRP group also displayed higher collagen formation than did the control group.In conclusion,HNPRP enhances angiogenesis and skin regeneration and consequently achieves faster wound healing,thus extending its potential for clinical applications to treat diabetic skin wounds.

Studies of Differentially-Expressed Genes in Human Endometrial Cancer of Various Differentiated Grades

OBJECTIVE To study the gene expression profiles of human endometrial cancers at various differentia0ted grade levels and to identify the genes related to differentiation of the endometrial cancers. METHODS cDNA microarray technology was used to analyze the differentially-expressed genes among different differentiated grades of 32 cases of endometrial cancer. Hierarchical cluster analysis （HCA） for the gene expression profiles of the cases was employed. RESULTS The tissue samples were grouped based on the various differentiated tumor grades with 33 differentiation-related genes identified out （P〈0.001）. Based on the results from the HCA, the conformity rate was 91% among the 33 differentially-expressed genes, and the analysis of pathological classification.CONCLUSION Genes related to the differentiation of endometrial cancer can be identified by using gene chips to analyze the expression profiles of endometrial cancers at various differentiated grades; HCA of the gene expression profiles can be helpful for distinguishing high-risk endometrial cancers before surgery.

The Relationship Between Stomatal Movement and Light Intensity Gradient in Three Dendrobium Species Compared with Typical CAM Plants

There is a close relationship between crassulacean acid metabolism and drought tolerance,and a great number of landscape plants which consume less water are necessary to build economic garden.In order to provide the basis for selecting drought-tolerant landscape plants,five species of plants were employed,including Dendrobium chrysotoxum,D.nobile,D.primulinum,Kalanchoblossfeldiana and K.daigremontiana.Exposed to different intensities of light,various samples were collected.The slices were prepared via different techniques.Stomatal movements and stomatal complex structures were observed by scanning electronic microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope.The results indicated that the slices made rapidly from fresh leaves were conductive to inspecting actual stomatal movements and stomatal complex structures as soon as possible.It was found that the stomatal movement of K.daigremontiana,K.blossfeldiana and D.primulinum displayed typical characteristics of crassulacean acid metabolism,while that of D.chrysotoxum and D.nobile did not exhibited obvious characteristics of crassulacean acid metabolism.

Pathway Planning of Nuclear Power Development Incorporating Assessment of Nuclear Event Risk

The nuclear event risk(NER)is an important and disputed factor that should be reasonably considered when planning the pathway of nuclear power development(NPD)to assess the benefits and risks of developing nuclear power more objectively.This paper aims to explore the impact of nuclear events on NPD pathway planning.The influence of nuclear events is quantified as a monetary risk component,and an optimization model that incorporates the NER in the objective function is proposed.To optimize the pathway of NPD in the lowcarbon transition course of power supply structure evolution,a simulation model is built to deduce alternative NPD pathways and corresponding power supply evolution scenarios under the constraint of an exogenously assigned carbon emission pathway(CEP);moreover,a method is proposed to describe the CEP by superimposing the maximum carbon emission space and each carbon emission reduction(CER)component,and various CER components are clustered considering the emission reduction characteristics and resource endowments of different power generation technologies.A case study is conducted to explore the impact of NER and its risk valuation uncertainty on NPD pathway planning.The method presented in this paper allows the impact of nuclear events on NPD pathway planning to be quantified and improves the level of coordinated optimization of benefits and risks.

Exploring drivers of the aggravated surface O_(3) over North China Plain in summer of 2015–2019: Aerosols, precursors, and meteorology

Continuous aggravated surface O_(3) over North China Plain(NCP)has attracted widely public concern.Herein,we evaluated the effects of changes in aerosols,precursor emissions,and meteorology on O_(3) in summer(June)of 2015–2019 over NCP via 8 scenarios with WRF-Chem model.The simulated mean MDA8 O_(3) in urban areas of 13 major cities in NCP increased by 17.1%∼34.8%,which matched well with the observations(10.8%∼33.1%).Meanwhile,the model could faithfully reproduce the changes in aerosol loads,precursors,and meteorological conditions.A relatively-even O_(3) increase(+1.2%∼+3.9%for 24-h O_(3) and+1.0%∼+3.8%for MDA8 O_(3))was induced by PM_(2.5) dropping,which was consistent with the geographic distribution of regional PM_(2.5) reduction.Meanwhile,the NO_(2) reduction coupled with a nearconstant VOCs led to the elevated VOCs/NOx ratios,and then caused O_(3) rising in the areas under VOCs-limited regimes.Therein,the pronounced increases occurred in Handan,Xingtai,Shijiazhuang,Tangshan,and Langfang(+10.7%∼+13.6%for 24-h O_(3) and+10.2%∼+12.2%forMDA8 O_(3));while the increases in other citieswere 5.7%∼10.5%for 24-h O_(3) and 4.9%∼9.2%for MDA8 O_(3).Besides,the meteorological fluctuations brought about the more noticeable O_(3) increases in northern parts(+12.5%∼+13.5%for 24-h O_(3) and+11.2%∼+12.4%for MDA8 O_(3))than those in southern and central parts(+3.2%∼+9.3%for 24-h O_(3) and+3.7%∼+8.8%for MDA8 O_(3)).The sum of the impacts of the three drivers reached 16.7%∼21.9%,which were comparable to the changes of the observed O_(3).Therefore,exploring reasonable emissionsreduction strategies is essential for the ozone pollution mitigation over this region.

Graphene/MoS_(2-x)O_(x)/graphene photomemristor with tunable non-volatile responsivities for neuromorphic vision processing

Conventional artificial intelligence(Al)machine vision technology,based on the von Neumann architecture,uses separate sensing,computing,and storage units to process huge amounts of vision data generated in sensory terminals.The frequent movement of redundant data between sensors,processors and memory,however,results in high-power consumption and latency.A more efficient approach is to offload some of the memory and computational tasks to sensor elements that can perceive and process the optical signal simultaneously.Here,we proposed a non-volatile photomemristor,in which the reconfigurable responsivity can be modulated by the charge and/or photon flux through it and further stored in the device.The non-volatile photomemristor has a simple two-terminal architecture,in which photoexcited carriers and oxygen-related ions are coupled,leading to a displaced and pinched hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics.For the frst time,non-volatile photomemristors implement computationally complete logic with photoresponse-stateful operations,for which the same photomemristor serves as both a logic gate and memory,using photoresponse as a physical state variable instead of light,voltage and memresistance.The polarity reversal of photomemristors shows great potential for in-memory sensing and computing with feature extraction and image recognition for neuromorphic vision.

微信小程序辅助的过程考核评价体系在生物工程专业“无机化学实验”课程中的应用与实践

微信小程序"无需安装,触手可及"的便捷性使其在移动端辅助实验教学的应用中独具优势。为优化考核评价体系,提高实验教学质量与效果,利用自制微信小程序辅助构建过程考核评价体系,并创新性地应用于2019级生物工程2班"无机化学实验"的教学实践中,以"评"促"教""学"。结果表明,2019级生物工程2班学生的课程成绩显著优于对照组;过程评价考核环节与期末考试成绩相关性显著。说明小程序辅助的过程考核评价体系能较好地反映学生的学习效果,并有效提高课程成绩,使学生更好地掌握无机化学实验相关知识。问卷调查结果也表明师生对小程序辅助教学认可度较高。

科学基金系统性改革以来深入推进廉政风险防控体系建设的回顾与展望

2018年以来,国家自然科学基金委员会党组在全面深化科学基金系统性改革中深入推进廉政风险防控体系建设,形成了以规范权力运行为根本、以健全规章制度为核心、以坚持高压震慑为手段、以践行廉洁操守为追求、以加强组织建设为保障的“全周期管理”科学基金廉政风险防控体系。其主要成效在于,初步构建了委内外多方力量全面参与的“大监督”格局,党风廉政建设持续向好,科学基金项目评审公正性不断提升。其基本经验在于,必须深化对科学基金系统性改革与廉政风险防控体系建设辩证关系的认识,必须对“国之大者”心中有数,必须开放包容兼收并蓄,必须坚持系统思维。面向未来,要将监督资源和力量向更大范围更深领域扩展,由聚焦直接腐败行为向聚焦边缘腐败行为扩展,由监督制约权力为主向前置利益冲突回避环节扩展,进一步深化廉政风险防控体系建设,为科学基金系统性改革推向纵深提供更为坚强的保障。

SIZ1-Mediated SUMOylation of TPR1 Suppresses Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis

Plant immune responses are tightly regulated to ensure their appropriate deployment. Overexpression of TOPLESS-RELATED 1 (TPR1), a SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE 1 (SNC1)-interacting protein, results in autoimmunity that reduces plant growth and development. However, how TPR1 activity is regulated remains unknown. Loss of function of SIZ1, a (SUMO) E3 ligase, induces an autoimmune response, partially due to elevated SNC1 levels. Here we show that SNC1 expression is upregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana siz1-2 due to positive-feedback regulation by salicylic acid. SIZ1 physically interacts with TPR1 and facilitates its SUMO modification. The K282 and K721 residues in TPR1 serve as critical SUMO attachment sites. Simultaneous introduction of K282R and K721R substitutions in TPR1 blocked its SUMOylation, enhaneed its transcriptional co-repressor activity, and increased its association with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 19 (HDA19), suggesting that SUMOylation of TPR1 represses its transcriptional co-repressor activity and inhibits its interaction with HDA19. In agreement with this finding, the simultaneous introduction of K282R and K721R substitutions enhanced TPR1 mediated immunity, and the tpr1 mutation partially suppressed autoimmunity in siz1-2. These results demonstrate that SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of TPR1 represses plant immunity, which at least partly contributes to the suppression of autoimmunity under nonpathogenic conditions to ensure proper plant development.