轴角偏差对折叠式尾斜轴弯振特性的影响研究

舰载直升机易受外部机动载荷波动的影响导致水平传动轴和尾斜轴相连接的轴角发生偏差,引起尾传动系统振动超标,严重时会造成尾传动轴断裂甚至坠机等灾难性事故。论文首先推导含轴角参数的尾传动系统振动方程,得到了轴角偏差与啮合刚度的关系,探究了偏差值与尾斜轴振动幅值的内在关联,以某型直升机尾斜传动系统为研究对象,建立尾传动系统动力学模型,揭示了轴角参数对尾斜轴振动特性的影响规律:不同设计角度的尾传动系统在轴角发生偏差时振动响应趋势基本一致,尾斜轴振动幅值会随设计角度的增加而增加;轴角在0°~2°范围内发生偏差时,尾斜轴的振动幅值会呈现先增加后减小的趋势,偏差在1.5°左右时尾斜轴振幅达到最大值。当轴角偏差相同时,尾斜轴上中间减速器处的振动幅值为尾减速器处的3.6倍。研究结果可为直升机尾传动系统动力学设计与振动故障分析提供参考。

基于破碎与融合效应的弹状流理论建模

针对现有弹状流理论模型忽略气泡破碎与融合效应而无法准确预测水动力学特性难题,建立基于破碎与融合效应的弹状流理论模型。分析泰勒气泡湍动能和表面张力能,推导泰勒气泡破碎的理论公式。基于气相质量守恒,提出气泡融合理论模型,结合破碎公式、融合模型以及经典的弹状流理论,形成了考虑气泡破碎与融合效应的弹状流理论模型。搭建弹状流实验装置,基于高速摄影法测量泰勒气泡速度,对比研究新建理论模型、传统模型与实验数据的吻合度。结果表明:新建模型与实验数据一致性好,误差范围为12%,较经典理论模型提高了7%。证明考虑气泡融合与破碎效应的新建模型较现有理论模型更合理。

考虑周向波形特性的航空管路弯曲成形起皱理论建模与临界成形半径分析

针对传统弯曲起皱理论模型忽略管材周向波形特性造成预测精度不高的难题,基于理论推导和参数拟合建立了管材起皱周向波形函数,结合管材弯曲应力特性建立了其成形起皱机理模型,采用有限元仿真以及实验方法验证了该理论模型的正确性。研究结果表明:新建理论模型的管材起皱预测准确度达到了94.5%,较传统模型提高了12%,改善了传统模型预测精度不高的难题;弯曲半径越小,管材越易起皱。工程中为避免起皱,临界弯曲成形半径不应小于1.89倍管道直径。

考虑加工精度等级的核动力潜艇永磁电机转子结构不平衡振动响应分析

针对低速巡航下核动力潜艇永磁电机转子振动控制要求高、且因永磁体结构磁干扰难以通过动平衡机进行不平衡量控制的问题,提出一种从加工工艺精度来减少转子结构不平衡振动响应的分析方法,以满足潜艇巡航时低振动隐蔽性的需求。首先根据零部件加工工艺情况,构建出五种典型加工工艺的公差模型,揭示加工精度等级与转子结构不平衡量之间的内在关系,然后采用有限元法,建立典型加工工艺下转子不平衡激励下的动力学模型,通过稳态同步响应分析得出转子的振动响应图谱,最后根据振动响应值大小来评价加工精度等级对转子振动的影响程度,找出巡航状态89 r/min额定转速下电机转轴同轴度加工精度对电机振动幅值影响最大,而电机转轴端面平面度的影响最小。论文结论可为在满足装配需求前提下转子加工精度等级的优化提供参考。

油孔数量对浮环轴承润滑特性的影响

不同油孔数量会改变浮环轴承油膜润滑特性,从而影响转子的振动特性及稳定性。基于流动连续性方程与轴承润滑理论,推导浮环轴承油膜控制方程,揭示油孔数量与浮环轴承润滑特性之间的关系。以某型汽油机用涡轮增压器浮环轴承为例,构建浮环轴承有限元模型,基于计算流体力学方法分析油膜润滑特性,研究不同油孔数量对浮环轴承最大压力、油膜承载力及动力学特性系数的影响。结果表明:浮环油孔数量从2增长到8,内外油膜最大压力、外油膜承载力及油膜动力学特性系数下降,内油膜承载力上升;内油膜承载力在油孔数量为2时随着转速的上升而逐渐下降,在油孔数量为4时无明显变化,在油孔数量为6、8时随着转速的上升而上升;随着转速的上升,油孔对承载力的影响逐渐上升,而对最大压力及动力学特性系数的影响逐渐减小。

考虑轴承热弹变形的增压器转子临界转速分析

针对不同入口油温下浮环轴承因受热变形而改变涡轮增压器转子系统振动特性的问题,提出从浮环轴承的热弹性变形角度研究高速涡轮增压器转子系统的临界转速变化规律。首先,实验测量3种典型入口油温下浮环轴承处的温度,基于热固耦合分析得到浮环轴承热弹性变形后轴承的内外间隙值,发现随着入口油温从20℃增加到70℃和120℃,内油膜间隙分别增大13%和31%,外油膜间隙分别减小7%和15%;其次,研究浮环轴承间隙与油膜动力特性系数间的关系,发现内油膜刚度和外油膜刚度都随着入口油温增加而减小;然后,基于有限元法构建了涡轮增压器转子系统动力学模型,采用瞬态升速分析得到转子系统临界转速,其与实验测试结果的误差仅为1.5%,表明仿真模型参数选取合理;最后,分析了3种入口油温下因浮环轴承发生热弹性变形而引发涡轮增压器转子系统临界转速变化的规律,发现随着入口油温升高,转子系统临界转速下降。该结论对高速涡轮增压器结构设计和故障诊断具有一定参考价值。

瓦块倾角对高速涡轮增压器斜-平面止推轴承油膜温度的影响

针对高速涡轮增压器运行过程中存在止推轴承烧瓦现象,从最高油膜温度与承载中心区温度两方面分析烧瓦产生原因,讨论了瓦块倾角对油膜温度的影响。以某型车用涡轮增压器止推轴承为例,通过建立不同瓦块倾角参数的斜-平面止推轴承动力学有限元模型,研究瓦块倾角对最高油膜温度、承载区中心温度的影响。结果表明:在研究的转子转速范围内,随着瓦块倾角的增加,瓦块的最高油膜温度和承载中心温度都呈先减小后增大的趋势;存在最佳瓦块倾角,使得轴承在工作转速范围内最高油膜温度和承载中心温度均达到最小值,从而有助于减少轴承烧瓦的可能性。

基于相对滑移理论的管带机直线爬坡段极限输送倾角研究

输送倾角是圆管带式输送机直线爬坡段设计中的关键难点,过大会发生胀管事故,过小则需重新布局管线导致整机成本大幅增加。基于相对滑移理论,构建了管带中物料的力学模型,采用导来摩擦因数表征物料与管带之间的滑移状态,推导不同填充率下导来摩擦因数与极限输送倾角之间的关系。然后针对50%,62%,75%三种典型填充率下某型圆管带式输送机运行工况,分析得出导来摩擦因数与输送倾角的函数关系,根据物料与圆管之间不发生相对滑移的基本准则,从而分别确定管带机的极限输送倾角为32°,34°,36°。该方法可为圆管带式输送机直线爬坡段物料输送倾角的设计与分析提供参考。

Effects of Floating Ring Bearing Manufacturing Tolerance Clearances on the Dynamic Characteristics for Turbocharger

The inner and outer oil film dynamic characteristic coefficients of floating ring bearings(FRBs) change due to the manufacturing tolerance of the floating ring, journal and intermediate, which leads to high-speed turbocharger's vibration too large and even causes nonlinear vibration accident. However, the investigation of floating ring bearing manufacturing tolerance clearance on the rotordynamic characteristics is less at present. In order to study the influence law of inner and outer clearance on turbocharger vibration, the rotor dynamic motion equations of turbocharger supported in FRBs are derived by analyzing the size relations between floating ring, journal and intermediate for the inner and outer oil film clearances, the time transient response analysis for combination of FRBs clearance are developed. A realistic turbocharger is taken as a research object, the FE model of the turbocharger with FRBs is modeled. Under the conditions of four kinds of limit state bearing clearances for inner and outer oil film, the nonlinear transient analyses are performed based on the established FE dynamic models of the nonlinear rotor-FRBs system applied incentive combinations of gravity and unbalance force, respectively. From the waterfall, the simulation results show that the speed for the appearance of fractional frequency is not identical and the amplitude magnitude is different under the four kinds of bearing manufacturing tolerance limit clearances, and fractional frequency does not appear in the turbocharger and the amplitude is minimum under the ODMin/IDMax bearing manufacturing tolerance clearances. The turbocharger vibration is reduced by controlling the manufacturing tolerance clearance combinations of FRBs, which is helpful for the dynamic design and production-manufacturing of high-speed turbocharger.

Effects of Unbalance Location on Dynamic Characteristics of High-speed Gasoline Engine Turbocharger with Floating Ring Bearings

For the high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger rotor, due to the heterogeneity of multiple parts material, manufacturing and assembly errors, running wear in impeller and uneven carbon of turbine, the random unbalance usually can be developed which will induce excessive rotor vibration, and even lead to nonlinear vibration accidents. However, the investigation of unbalance location on the nonlinear high-speed turbocharger rotordynamic characteristics is less. In order to discuss the rotor unbalance location effects of turbocharger with nonlinear floating ring bearings(FRBs), the realistic turbocharger of gasoline engine is taken as a research object. The rotordynamic equations of motion under the condition of unbalance are derived by applied unbalance force and nonlinear oil film force of FRBs. The FE model of turbocharger rotor-bearing system is modeled which includes the unbalance excitation and nonlinear FRBs. Under the conditions of four different applied locations of unbalance, the nonlinear transient analyses are performed based on the rotor FEM. The differences of dynamic behavior are obvious to the turbocharger rotor systems for four conditions, and the bifurcation phenomena are different. From the results of waterfall and transient response analysis, the speed for the appearance of fractional frequency is not identical and the amplitude magnitude is different from the different unbalance locations, and the non-synchronous vibration does not occur in the turbocharger and the amplitude is relative stable and minimum under the condition 4. The turbocharger vibration and non-synchronous components could be reduced or suppressed by controlling the applied location of unbalance, which is helpful for the dynamic design, fault diagnosis and vibration control of the high-speed gasoline engine turbochargers.

Weighted Multi-sensor Data Level Fusion Method of Vibration Signal Based on Correlation Function

As the differences of sensor's precision and some random factors are difficult to control,the actual measurement signals are far from the target signals that affect the reliability and precision of rotating machinery fault diagnosis.The traditional signal processing methods,such as classical inference and weighted averaging algorithm usually lack dynamic adaptability that is easy for trends to cause the faults to be misjudged or left out.To enhance the measuring veracity and precision of vibration signal in rotary machine multi-sensor vibration signal fault diagnosis,a novel data level fusion approach is presented on the basis of correlation function analysis to fast determine the weighted value of multi-sensor vibration signals.The approach doesn't require knowing the prior information about sensors,and the weighted value of sensors can be confirmed depending on the correlation measure of real-time data tested in the data level fusion process.It gives greater weighted value to the greater correlation measure of sensor signals,and vice versa.The approach can effectively suppress large errors and even can still fuse data in the case of sensor failures because it takes full advantage of sensor's own-information to determine the weighted value.Moreover,it has good performance of anti-jamming due to the correlation measures between noise and effective signals are usually small.Through the simulation of typical signal collected from multi-sensors,the comparative analysis of dynamic adaptability and fault tolerance between the proposed approach and traditional weighted averaging approach is taken.Finally,the rotor dynamics and integrated fault simulator is taken as an example to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed approach,it is shown that the multi-sensor data level fusion based on correlation function weighted approach is better than the traditional weighted average approach with respect to fusion precision and dynamic adaptability.Meantime,the approach is adaptable and easy to use,can be applied to other areas of vibration measurement.

考虑圆管输送带弹性的托辊组动态接触力特性分析

托辊组作为圆管带式输送机中强制输送带形成圆管状的关键零部件,目前仍主要通过取较大的安全系数进行传统设计,容易因许用载荷设计不合理而导致实际运行过程中部分托辊过早疲劳失效。以某型圆管带式输送机为例,通过考虑圆管输送带的弹性,建立圆管输送带-托辊组刚柔耦合动力学模型,分析匀速和匀加速两种典型工况下托辊接触力的变化,与没有考虑输送带弹性的刚体动力学模型结果进行对比,得出不同位置处的托辊接触力平均值减小约80%,而波动变化值高达4倍以上,产生幅值较大的交变载荷,致使托辊疲劳失效。最后结合实验对基于刚柔耦合模型的匀速工况分析结果进行验证。实验结果可为满载工况下托辊载荷及疲劳寿命研究提供参考。

透平机械三转子四支撑轴系不平衡振动特性

针对汽轮机、压缩机等透平机械三转子四支撑轴系经常发生不平衡振动现象,研究轴系中各转子振型不平衡的响应特性。采用有限元法构建三转子四支撑轴系动力学有限元模型,分别在各跨转子上施加一阶、二阶弯曲振型不平衡,分析高低转速下轴系的涡动轨迹,以揭示各转子振型不平衡与轴系振动响应的关联。通过搭建的三转子四支撑轴系转子振动实验台,开展各跨转子不平衡激励下轴系振动响应测试,分析共振点和幅、相频特性,得出结论:这类轴系跨内加重振动响应由轴系模态振型和激励类型共同决定,兼具有转子外伸端振动特性。该结论可为消除这类三转子四支撑轴系不平衡故障提供参考。

The safety parameters monitoring system for the coal mine based on CAN bus communication and intelligent data acquisition

In this paper,a monitoring and controlling system for the safety in production and environmental parameters of a small and medium-sized coal mine has been developed after analyzing the current domestic coal production and security conditions. The client computer can convert the analog signal about the safety in production and environmental parameters detected from the monitoring terminal into digital signal,and then,send the signal to the coal mine safety monitoring centre. This information can be analyzed,judged,and diagnosed by the monitoring-management-controlling software for helping the manager and technical workers to control the actual underground production and security situations. The system has many advantages including high reliability,better performance of real-time monitoring,faster data communicating and good practicability,and it can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents in coal mines.

DIAGNOSTICS OF FATIGUE CRACK IN ULTERIOR PLACES OF LARGER-SCALE OVERLOADED SUPPORTING SHAFT BASED ON TIME SERIES AND NEURAL NETWORKS

To improve the diagnosis accuracy and self-adaptability of fatigue crack in ulterior place of the supporting shaft, time series and neural network are attempted to be applied in research on diag-nosing the fatigue crack’s degree based on analyzing the vibration characteristics of the supporting shaft. By analyzing the characteristic parameter which is easy to be detected from the supporting shaft’s exterior, the time series model parameter which is hypersensitive to the situation of fatigue crack in ulterior place of the supporting shaft is the target input of neural network, and the fatigue crack’s degree value of supporting shaft is the output. The BP network model can be built and net-work can be trained after the structural parameters of network are selected. Furthermore, choosing the other two different group data can test the network. The test result will verify the validity of the BP network model. The result of experiment shows that the method of time series and neural network are effective to diagnose the occurrence and the development of the fatigue crack’s degree in ulterior place of the supporting shaft.

Gas concentration monitoring system for small and medium-sized coal mines based on gas-sensing detection and single-chip control

这份报纸针对气体在小、中型的煤矿引起的灾难的实际条件。为煤矿监视系统的新煤气的集中根据煤气察觉到的察觉和单个薄片的控制被开发。因为它为易燃、爆炸的气体有好敏感特征，监视系统把锡氧化物用作 N 类型半导体气体传感器的主要材料(例如甲烷，碳一氧化物) 。QM-N5-semiconductor 煤气的传感器被采用在不同煤气的集中下面检测抵抗的产量价值。故意地，系统拿数字薄片抵抗作为处理硬件结构分析并且判定输入的电路的核心珍视的 AT89C51，然后为超出煤气的集中的限制完成控制和警报。监视系统的煤气的集中有许多优点包括在结构，快反应时间，稳定的表演和低费用简单。因此，监视煤气的集中并且在小、中型的煤矿提供早警告能广泛地被用来。

考虑弹支动力特性的涡轴发动机燃发转子不平衡相位差组合振动响应研究

针对弹支作用下涡轴发动机燃发转子多位置不平衡组合振动响应特性复杂问题,提出从转子不平衡相位差组合的角度来研究燃发转子振动响应规律。首先构建鼠笼和挤压油膜阻尼器组成的弹支系统动力学模型,探究弹支动力学特性与转子系统固有属性间的关系,揭示不平衡相位差组合对燃发转子振动响应的影响规律,设计涡轴发动机燃发转子动力学模拟实验台,开展相应的实验验证。结果表明:弹支刚度小于3×10~4 N/mm时可使转子系统尽早出现刚体模态,避免发动机宽的工作转速范围内出现跨临界转速点现象;在1阶临界转速内,同相组合不平衡引起的振动响应大于反相组合,反相组合不平衡将1阶临界振动峰值削弱至同相组合的50%;过1阶临界转速后,反相组合不平衡引起的振动幅值明显大于同相组合。

基于压电驱动浮环轴承间隙可调的涡轮增压器转子瞬变振动主动控制

针对涡轮增压器转子系统运行过程中频繁启停机、工作转速区间跨度大、转速变化快等条件下振动难以控制的问题,基于人工自愈工程理念,研究全转速范围油膜间隙与转子系统振动响应特性,提出采用压电陶瓷调节浮环轴承外油膜间隙改变系统阻尼从而实现转子系统振动快速、准确的控制。以某型汽油机涡轮增压器转子系统为例,分析推导出轴承油膜阻尼系数与其间隙的三次方成反比特性。构建不同外油膜间隙下浮环轴承转子系统动力学有限元模型,进行时域和频域非线性瞬态响应分析,得到全转速下的通频振幅和振动瀑布图,找出低中高三个转速段下转子系统最小振动幅值所对应的最佳油膜间隙,从而构建出油膜间隙与振动响应的映射矩阵。设计基于压电驱动下轴承座的外油膜间隙调节装置,采用分转速段振动主动控制策略,搭建相应的振动控制模拟试验装置,验证该控制系统的轴承间隙调节时间小于10 ms,最大位移误差小于0.5μm,可满足实时振动控制的要求。该方法可为高速转子机械振动控制提供新的思路。

宏纤维复合材料作动器非对称迟滞建模与前馈线性化控制研究

宏纤维复合材料(Macro fiber composite,MFC)具有柔性高、驱动力大、机电响应快等优点被广泛应用于柔性结构精密变形控制,但其固有的非对称迟滞非线性特征严重影响控制精度。基于Sigmoid函数的凹凸形特征构造了非对称改进Bouc-Wen模型,采用信赖域反射法和异步粒子群优化相结合的混合算法对模型参数进行辨识,开展MFC作动器前馈线性化控制应用研究。结果表明,改进Bouc-Wen模型能够准确描述MFC作动器非对称迟滞特征,相对经典Bouc-Wen模型,改进Bouc-Wen模型对MFC在0.1 Hz、1 Hz、5 Hz下迟滞曲线拟合的相对均方误差分别降低了73%、71%、52%。非对称修正算子在电压加载和卸载阶段均呈现出凹凸组合修正方式,在电压加载阶段以凹修正为主,卸载阶段以凸修正为主。基于修正Bouc-Wen迟滞逆模型的前馈补偿方法对正弦波和三角波位移跟踪均具有较高的控制精度。

长周期变转速下入口油温对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子振动特性影响

高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统的入口油温在长周期变转速运行条件下会产生动态变化,从而改变转子系统振动特性甚至导致非线性振动事故。以某型汽油机用高速轻载涡轮增压器转子为研究对象,分析浮环轴承内油膜最小厚度与偏心率随入口油温参数的变化规律,构建涡轮增压器转子-浮环轴承系统动力学有限元模型,采用Newmark积分法分析转子系统的非线性瞬态响应,结合涡轮增压器升速实验,得到不同入口油温下转子系统三维振动瀑布图与Colormap频谱图,探究入口油温对转子系统振动响应特性的影响。结果表明:随着入口油温从50℃增至130℃时,内油膜最小厚度会减少,环速比与偏心率会增加,内油膜振荡幅值逐渐降低,但出现内油膜振荡与外油膜涡动的轴颈转速点会提前约30%,且外油膜涡动幅值会逐步增加。综合内外油膜涡动与振动幅值,入口油温约为90℃时转子振动情况较好。结论可为设计具有智能抗振性能的高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统的运行参数提供理论参考。